The physiology of tropical fishes /

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作者：edited by Adalberto L. Val, Vera Maria F. de Almeida-Val, David J. Randall.

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ISBN：9780123504456

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简介

简介

Summary: Publisher Summary 1 The Physiology of Tropical Fishesis the 21st volume of the well-known Fish Physiology series and consists of 12 chapters. The purpose of the book is to consolidate and integrate what is known about tropical fishes (marine and freshwater species). The twelve chapters focus on the physiological adaptations acquired during the evolutionary process to cope with warm and shallow hypoxic waters from tropical and neotropical hydrographic basins as well as with the intertidal and coral reef habitats which occur in abundance in tropical seas. The special characteristics of tropical fish fauna will be issued in order to explain the tropical fish radiation, which gave rise to such extreme fish diversity. This present volume, is a voyage through the tropical region reviewing the fish diversity of the main tropical freshwater sheds, including the major tropical rivers and lakes, the major dams, and marine environments. * State-of-the-art information on tropical fish physiology * Written by specialists working in the Tropics * Offers a diverse depiction of the various tropical fishes and the environment where they inhabit * 12 innovative chapters covering a concise view of growth rate, biological rhythms, feeding plasticity, cardio-respiratory design and function, diversity of structure, and much more Publisher Summary 2 The Physiology of Tropical Fishesis the 21st volume of the well-known Fish Physiology series and consists of 12 chapters. The purpose of the book is to consolidate and integrate what is known about tropical fishes (marine and freshwater species). The twelve chapters focus on the physiological adaptations acquired during the evolutionary process to cope with warm and shallow hypoxic waters from tropical and neotropical hydrographic basins as well as with the intertidal and coral reef habitats which occur in abundance in tropical seas. The special characteristics of tropical fish fauna will be issued in order to explain the tropical fish radiation, which gave rise to such extreme fish diversity. This present volume, is a voyage through the tropical region reviewing the fish diversity of the main tropical freshwater sheds, including the major tropical rivers and lakes, the major dams, and marine environments. * State-of-the-art information on tropical fish physiology * Written by specialists working in the Tropics * Offers a diverse depiction of the various tropical fishes and the environment where they inhabit * 12 innovative chapters covering a concise view of growth rate, biological rhythms, feeding plasticity, cardio-respiratory design and function, diversity of structure, and much more

Table Of Contents:
Contributors ix
Preface xiii

Tropical Environment

Adalberto L. Val

Vera Maria F. de Almeida-Val

David J. Randall

Introduction 1(3)

Tropical Marine Environments 4(10)

Tropical Freshwater Environments 14(20)

World Fish Distribution 34(2)

Global Climate Changes 36(2)

The Future 38(9)

References 38(9)

Diversity of Tropical Fishes

Mario C. C. de Pinna

Introduction 47(2)

What is Diversity? 49(2)

The Evolutionary Implications of Salt Tolerance in Freshwater Fishes 51(5)

The Importance of Phylogenetic Information for Comparative Studies 56(1)

Freshwater Tropical Fishes 57(13)

Marine Tropical Fishes 70(6)

Conclusions 76(9)

References 78(7)

The Growth of Tropical Fishes

Peter A. Henderson

Introduction 85(2)

Describing Growth 87(8)

The Variation between Habitats and Populations 95(1)

Seasonality in Growth 96(5)

References 99(2)

Biological Rhythms

Gilson Luiz Volpato

Eleonora Trajano

Introduction 101(3)

Basic Concepts in Chronobiology 104(6)

Activity Rhythms 110(11)

Social Organization 121(7)

Reproduction 128(5)

Migration 133(3)

Evolution of Circadian Rhythmicity and Cave Fishes 136(9)

Future Directions 145(10)

References 146(9)

Feeding Plasticity and Nutritional Physiology in Tropical Fishes

Konrad Dabrowski

Maria Celia Portella

Food and Feeding 155(7)

Morphology and Physiology of Digestive Tract 162(26)

Nutrient Requirements 188(18)

Environmental Conditions and Fish Foraging Impact on Ecosystem 206(19)

References 209(16)

The Cardiorespiratory System in Tropical Fishes: Structure, Function, and Control

Stephen G. Reid

Lena Sundin

William K. Milsom

Introduction 225(1)

Respiratory Strategies 226(1)

Respiratory Organs 227(5)

Ventilatory Mechanisms (Pumps) 232(3)

Circulatory Patterns 235(3)

Cardiac Pumps 238(1)

Cardiorespiratory Control 239(38)

References 265(12)

Oxygen Transfer

Colin J. Brauner

Adalberto L. Vol

Introduction 277(1)

Oxygen and the Evolution of Air Breathing 278(2)

Gas Exchange Organs: Diversity in Structure and Function 280(4)

Transport of Oxygen 284(8)

Environmental Effects on Oxygen Transport 292(7)

Contaminant Effects on Oxygen Transport 299(1)

Concluding Remarks 299(8)

References 300(7)

Nitrogen Excretion and Defense Against Ammonia Toxicity

Shit F. Chew

Jonathan M. Wilson

Yuen K. Ip

David J. Randall

Introduction 307(3)

Effects of Environmental pH or Temperature on Ammonia Toxicity 310(1)

Mechanism of Ammonia Toxicity 311(7)

Defense against Ammonia Toxicity at the Branchial and Epithelial Surfaces 318(15)

Defense against Ammonia Toxicity at the Cellular and Sub-cellular Levels 333(39)

Accumulation of Nitrogenous End-Products for Osmoregulation 372(5)

Summary 377(20)

References 379(18)

Ionoregulation in Tropical Fishes from Ion-Poor, Acidic Blackwaters

Richard J. Gonzalez

Rod W. Wilson

Christopher M. Wood

Introduction 397(2)

General Mechanisms of Ion Regulation in Freshwater Fishes 399(4)

Effects of Ion-Poor, Acidic Waters on Model Teleosts 403(1)

Effects of Ion-Poor, Acidic Waters on North American Acidophilic Teleosts 404(4)

Adaptation to Ion-Poor, Acidic Waters in Rio Negro Teleosts 408(16)

Adaptation to Ion-Poor, Acidic Waters in Rio Negro Elasmobranchs 424(2)

The Role of Organic Matter in Adaptation of Fish to Ion-Poor, Acidic Waters 426(4)

Ammonia Excretion in Ion-Poor, Acidic Waters in Rio Negro Teleosts 430(5)

Future Directions 435(8)

References 437(6)

Metabolic and Physiological Adjustments to Low Oxygen and High Temperature in Fishes of the Amazon

Vera Maria F. de Almeida-Val

Adriana Regina Chippari Gomes

Nivia Pires Lopes

Introduction 443(2)

Environmental Challenges 445(2)

Effects of Temperature on Fish Metabolism 447(3)

Enzyme Levels Reflect the Natural History of Fish 450(3)

Fuel Preferences in Tropical Versus Temperate Fishes 453(5)

Relative Amount of Red Muscle in Fish and Its Adaptive Role 458(6)

Oxygen Deprivation and its Consequences in Amazon Fishes 464(12)

The LDH Gene Family as a Study Model: Regulatory and Structural Changes and Their Evolutionary Adaptive Roles 476(12)

What the Future Holds 488(14)

References 491(11)

Physiological Adaptations of Fishes to Tropical Intertidal Environments

Katherine Lam

Tommy Tsui

Kazumi Nakano

David J. Randall

Introduction 502(33)

Respiratory Adaptations 535(8)

Physiological and Molecular Adaptations to Elevated Temperatures 543(4)

Osmoregulation 547(3)

Ammonia Tolerance 550(2)

Sulfide Tolerance 552(3)

Reproduction 555(6)

Future Studies 561(1)

Conclusions 562(21)

References 562(21)

Hypoxia Tolerance in Coral Reef Fishes

Goran E. Nilsson

Sara Ostlund-Nilsson

Introduction 583(1)

The Epaulette Shark: A Hypoxia-Tolerant Tropical Elasmobranch 584(4)

Widespread Hypoxia Tolerance in Coral Reef Fishes 588(6)

Conclusions 594(3)

References 594(3)
Index 597(36)
Other Volumes in the Fish Physiology Series 633

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