Statistics for the life sciences / 3rd ed.

Preface p. VII
Introduction p. 1
Statistics and the Life Sciences p. 1
Examples and Overview p. 1
Description of Populations and Samples p. 9
Introduction p. 9
Frequency Distributions: Techniques for Data p. 12
Frequency Distributions: Shapes and Examples p. 21
Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Center p. 26
Boxplots p. 32
Measures of Dispersion p. 40
Effect of Transformation of Variables (Optional) p. 50
Samples and Populations: Statistical Inference p. 57
Perspective p. 63
Random Sampling, Probability, and the Binomial Distribution p. 71
Probability and the Life Sciences p. 71
Random Sampling p. 71
Introduction to Probability p. 78
Probability Trees p. 83
Probability Rules (Optional) p. 88
Density Curves p. 93
Random Variables p. 96
The Binomial Distribution p. 102
Fitting a Binomial Distribution to Data (Optional) p. 112
The Normal Distribution p. 119
Introduction p. 119
The Normal Curves p. 122
Areas Under a Normal Curve p. 123
Assessing Normality p. 133
The Continuity Correction (Optional) p. 141
Perspective p. 145
Sampling Distributions p. 149
Basic Ideas p. 149
Dichotomous Observations p. 151
Quantitative Observations p. 157
Illustration of the Central Limit Theorem (Optional) p. 167
The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution (Optional) p. 170
Perspective p. 175
Confidence Intervals p. 179
Statistical Estimation p. 179
Standard Error of the Mean p. 180
Confidence Interval for [mu] p. 185
Planning a Study to Estimate [mu] p. 197
Conditions for Validity of Estimation Methods p. 199
Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion p. 206
Perspective and Summary p. 213
Comparison of Two Independent Samples p. 219
Introduction p. 219
Standard Error of (y[subscript 1] - y[subscript 2]) p. 222
Confidence Interval for ([mu subscript 1] - [mu subscript 2]) p. 227
Hypothesis Testing: The t test p. 234
Further Discussion of the t test p. 248
One-Tailed t Tests p. 256
More on Interpretation of Statistical Significance p. 266
Planning for Adequate Power (Optional) p. 273
Student's t: Conditions and Summary p. 280
More on Principles of Testing Hypotheses p. 284
The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test p. 288
Perspective p. 298
Statistical Principles of Design p. 309
Introduction p. 309
Observational Studies p. 311
Experiments p. 317
Restricted Randomization: Blocking and Stratification p. 326
Levels of Replication p. 334
Sampling Concerns (Optional) p. 338
Perspective p. 341
Comparison of Paired Samples p. 347
Introduction p. 347
The Paired-Sample t test and Confidence Interval p. 348
The Paired Design p. 358
The Sign Test p. 364
The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test p. 372
Further Considerations in Paired Experiments p. 377
Perspective p. 381
Analysis of Categorical Data p. 391
Inference for Proportions: The Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test p. 391
The Chi-Square Test for the 2 X 2 Contingency Table p. 402
Indepence and Association in the 2 X 2 Contingency Table p. 412
Fisher's Exact Test (Optional) p. 422
The r X k Contingency Table p. 428
Applicability of Methods p. 434
Confidence Interval for Difference Between Probabilities p. 439
Paired Data and 2 X 2 Tables (Optional) p. 441
Relative Risk and the Odds Ratio (Optional) p. 444
Summary of Chi-Square Tests p. 454
Comparing the Means of Many Independent Samples p. 463
Introduction p. 463
The Basic Analysis of Variance p. 467
The Analysis of Variance Model (Optional) p. 476
The Global F Test p. 478
Applicability of Methods p. 484
Two-Way ANOVA (Optional) p. 487
Linear Combinations of Means (Optional) p. 498
Multiple Comparisons (Optional) p. 507
Perspective p. 516
Linear Regression and Correlation p. 525
Introduction p. 525
The Fitted Regression Line p. 527
Parametric Interpretation of Regression: The Linear Model p. 541
Statistical Inference Concerning [beta subscript 1] p. 548
The Correlation Coefficient p. 553
Guidelines for Interpreting Regression and Correlation p. 565
Perspective p. 576
Summary of Formulas p. 586
A Summary of Inference Methods p. 595
Introduction p. 595
Data Analysis Examples p. 597
Chapter Appendices p. 611
Chapter Notes p. 633
Statistical Tables p. 669
Random Digits p. 670
Binomial Coefficients [subscript n]C[subscript j] p. 674
Areas Under the Normal Curve p. 675
Critical Values of Student's t Distribution p. 677
Number of Observations for Independent-Samples t Test p. 678
Critical Values of U, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Statistic p. 680
Critical Values of B for the Sign Test p. 684
Critical Values of W for the Wilcoxon Signed-rank Test p. 685
Critical Values of the Chi-Square Distribution p. 686
Critical Values of the F Distribution p. 687
Critical Constants for the Newman-Keuls Procedure p. 697
Bonferroni Multipliers for 95% Confidence Intervals p. 699
Answers to Selected Exercises p. 701
Index p. 715
Index of Examples p. 723