Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context p. 1
Judy: The Girl Who Fainted at the Sight of Blood p. 2
Definitions p. 2
The Science of Psychopathology p. 5
Clinical Description p. 5
Causation, Treatment, and Outcomes p. 7
The Past: Historical Conceptions of Abnormal Behavior p. 7
The Supernatural Tradition p. 7
Charles VI: The Mad King p. 8
Treatments for Possession p. 9
Mass Hysteria p. 9
Modern Mass Hysteria p. 10
The Moon and the Stars p. 10
Comments p. 11
The Biological Tradition p. 11
Hippocrates and Galen p. 11
The Nineteenth Century p. 12
Consequences of the Biological Tradition p. 13
The Twentieth Century p. 13
The Psychological Tradition p. 14
Moral Therapy p. 14
Asylum Reform and the Decline of Moral Therapy p. 15
Psychoanalytic Theory p. 15
Humanistic Theory p. 21
The Behavioral Model p. 22
B.F. Skinner and Operant Conditioning p. 24
The Present: The Scientific Method and an Integrative Approach p. 25
Summary p. 25
Key Terms p. 26
Answers to Concept Checks p. 26
An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology p. 27
One-Dimensional or Multidimensional Models p. 29
What Caused Judy's Phobia? p. 29
Outcome and Comments p. 30
Genetic Contributions to Psychopathology p. 31
The Nature of Genes p. 31
New Developments in the Study of Genes and Behavior p. 32
The Interaction of Genetic and Environmental Effects p. 33
Neuroscience and Its Contributions to Psychopathology p. 35
The Central Nervous System p. 35
The Structure of the Brain p. 37
The Peripheral Nervous System p. 39
Neurotransmitters p. 41
Implications for Psychopathology p. 45
Psychosocial Influences on Brain Structure and Function p. 46
Psychosocial Dwarfism p. 47
Cancer and Psychological Treatment p. 47
Interactions with Brain Function and Structure p. 48
Comments p. 49
Behavioral and Cognitive Science p. 49
Conditioning and Cognitive Processes p. 50
Learned Helplessness p. 50
Social Learning p. 51
Prepared Learning p. 51
Cognitive Science and the Unconscious p. 51
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy p. 53
Emotions p. 53
The Physiology and Purpose of Fear p. 53
Emotional Phenomena p. 54
The Components of Emotion p. 54
Anger and Your Heart p. 55
Emotions and Psychopathology p. 56
Cultural, Social, and Interpersonal Factors p. 56
Voodoo, the Evil Eye, and Other Fears p. 56
Gender p. 57
Social Effects on Health and Behavior p. 57
Social and Interpersonal Influences on the Elderly p. 58
Social Stigma p. 59
Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) p. 59
Global Incidence of Psychological Disorders p. 59
Life-Span Development p. 60
The Principle of Equifinality p. 60
Summary p. 61
Key Terms p. 62
Answers to Concept Checks p. 62
Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis p. 63
Frank: Young, Serious, and Anxious p. 64
Assessing Psychological Disorders p. 65
The Clinical Interview p. 66
Physical Examination p. 68
Behavioral Assessment p. 69
Psychological Testing p. 70
Neuropsychological Testing p. 75
Neuroimaging: Pictures of the Brain p. 75
Psychophysiological Assessment p. 77
Diagnosing Psychological Disorders p. 78
Classification Issues p. 79
DSM-III p. 81
DSM-IV p. 82
Creating a Diagnosis p. 85
Conclusions p. 87
Summary p. 87
Key Terms p. 88
Answers to Concept Checks p. 88
Research Methods p. 89
Important Concepts p. 90
Basic Components of a Research Study p. 90
Statistical versus Clinical Significance p. 92
The "Average" Client p. 93
Studying Individual Cases p. 93
Research by Correlation p. 94
Epidemiological Research p. 95
Research by Experiment p. 97
Group Experimental Designs p. 97
Comparative Treatment Research p. 98
Single-Case Experimental Designs p. 99
Repeated Measurements p. 99
Withdrawal Designs p. 100
Multiple Baselines p. 100
Studying Genetics p. 102
Family Studies p. 103
Adoption Studies p. 103
Twin Studies p. 103
Genetic Linkage and Association Studies p. 103
Studying Behavior Over Time p. 104
Cross-Sectional Designs p. 104
Longitudinal Designs p. 105
Studying Behavior Across Cultures p. 106
The Power of a Research Program p. 107
Replication p. 108
Research Ethics p. 108
Summary p. 109
Key Terms p. 109
Answers to Concept Checks p. 110
Anxiety Disorders p. 111
Anxiety, Fear, and Panic p. 112
Gretchen: Attacked by Panic p. 113
Causes p. 114
Generalized Anxiety Disorder p. 116
Clinical Description p. 116
Irene: Ruled by Worry p. 116
Statistics p. 117
Causes p. 118
Treatment p. 119
Panic Disorder with and without Agoraphobia p. 120
Mrs. M.: Self-Imprisoned p. 120
Clinical Description p. 121
Statistics p. 122
Causes p. 125
Treatment p. 126
Specific Phobia p. 128
Clinical Description p. 129
Statistics p. 132
Causes p. 133
Treatment p. 135
Social Phobia p. 136
Clinical Description p. 136
Billy: Too Shy p. 136
Star Player? p. 136
Statistics p. 136
Causes p. 137
Treatment p. 137
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder p. 138
Clinical Description p. 138
The Joneses: One Victim, Many Traumas p. 139
Statistics p. 140
Causes p. 141
Treatment p. 144
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder p. 144
Clinical Description p. 144
Richard: Enslaved by Ritual p. 145
Statistics p. 146
Causes p. 146
Treatment p. 147
From the Inside: Afraid of Everything: A Personal History of Agoraphobia p. 147
Summary p. 148
Key Terms p. 149
Answers to Concept Checks p. 149
Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders p. 152
Somatoform Disorders p. 153
Hypochondriasis p. 153
Gail: Invisibly III p. 153
Somatization Disorder p. 157
Linda: Full-Time Patient p. 157
Conversion Disorder p. 160
Eloise: Unlearning Walking p. 160
Celia: Seeing through Blindness p. 161
Pain Disorder p. 163
The Medical Student: Temporary Pain p. 164
The Woman with Cancer: Managing Pain p. 164
Body Dysmorphic Disorder p. 164
Jim: Ashamed to Be Seen p. 164
Dissociative Disorders p. 167
Depersonalization Disorder p. 168
Bonnie: Dancing Away from Herself p. 168
Dissociative Amnesia p. 168
The Woman Who Lost Her Memory p. 168
Dissociative Fugue p. 169
The Misbehaving Sheriff p. 169
Dissociative Trance Disorder p. 170
Dissociative Identity Disorder p. 170
Jonah: Bewildering Blackouts p. 170
The Hillside Strangler p. 171
Anna O. Revealed p. 173
Sybil p. 174
Suggestibility p. 175
From the Inside: Phantom Illness: Shattering the Myth of Hypochondria p. 177
Summary p. 178
Key Terms p. 179
Answers to Concept Checks p. 179
Mood Disorders p. 182
Katie: Weathering Depression p. 183
An Overview of Depression and Mania p. 184
The Structure of Mood Disorders p. 184
Depressive Disorders p. 185
Clinical Descriptions p. 185
Jack: A Life Kept Down p. 186
Onset and Duration p. 186
From Grief to Depression p. 188
Bipolar Disorders p. 188
Jane: Funny, Smart, and Desperate p. 188
Billy: The World's Best at Everything p. 189
Onset and Duration p. 190
Additional Defining Criteria p. 190
Specifiers for Recurrent Episodes p. 192
Prevalence of Mood Disorders p. 194
In Children and Adolescents p. 195
In the Elderly p. 196
Across Cultures p. 197
Among the Creative p. 198
Anxiety and Depression p. 199
Causes p. 200
Biological Dimensions p. 200
Psychological Dimensions p. 203
Katie: No Easy Transitions p. 204
Social and Cultural Dimensions p. 207
An Integrative Theory p. 209
Treatment p. 210
Medications p. 210
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) p. 213
Psychosocial Treatments p. 213
Cognitive Therapy p. 213
Beck and Irene: A Dialogue p. 213
Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) p. 214
Combined Treatments p. 216
Preventing Relapse p. 216
Psychosocial Treatments for Bipolar Disorder p. 217
Katie: The Triumph of the Self p. 218
Suicide p. 218
Statistics p. 218
Causes p. 220
Risk Factors p. 220
Is Suicide Contagious? p. 222
Treatment p. 222
From the Inside: An Unquiet Mind: A Memoir of Moods and Madness p. 223
Summary p. 224
Key Terms p. 224
Answers to Concept Checks p. 225
Eating and Sleep Disorders p. 228
Eating Disorders: An Overview p. 229
Bulimia Nervosa p. 230
Phoebe: Apparently Perfect p. 230
Clinical Description p. 231
Anorexia Nervosa p. 232
Julie: The Thinner the Better p. 232
Clinical Description p. 233
Binge-Eating Disorder p. 235
Statistics p. 235
Cross-Cultural Considerations p. 236
Developmental Considerations p. 237
Causes p. 237
Social Dimensions p. 237
Biological Dimensions p. 241
Psychological Dimensions p. 241
An Integrative Model p. 242
Treatment of Eating Disorders p. 243
Drug Treatments p. 243
Psychosocial Treatments p. 243
Phoebe: Taking Control p. 244
Other Eating Disorders p. 246
Rumination Disorder p. 247
Sandra: The Baby Who Faded p. 247
Pica p. 247
Mike: Tasting the World p. 247
Feeding Disorder p. 248
Sleep Disorders: An Overview p. 248
Dyssomnias p. 250
Primary Insomnia p. 250
Kathryn: Tossing and Turning p. 250
Primary Hypersomnia p. 253
Ann: Sleeping in Public p. 253
Narcolepsy p. 254
Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders p. 254
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders p. 254
Treatment of Dyssomnias p. 256
Medical Treatments p. 256
Behavioral Treatments p. 257
Psychological Treatments p. 258
Parasomnias p. 258
From the Inside: Feeding the Hungry Heart: The Experience of Compulsive Eating p. 260
Summary p. 260
Key Terms p. 261
Answers to Concept Checks p. 261
Physical Disorders and Health Psychology p. 264
Psychological and Social Factors That Influence Biology p. 267
The Nature of Stress p. 268
The Physiology of Stress p. 268
Contributions to the Stress Response p. 269
Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Excitement p. 271
The Immune System and Physical Disorders p. 272
A Brief Overview p. 272
AIDS p. 274
Cancer p. 276
Cardiovascular Problems p. 278
John: The Human Volcano p. 278
Hypertension p. 278
Coronary Heart Disease p. 279
The Role of Chronic Negative Emotions p. 281
Chronic Pain p. 282
Psychological and Social Aspects p. 282
Biological Aspects p. 283
Gender Differences in Pain p. 284
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome p. 282
Psychosocial Treatment of Physical Disorders p. 286
Sally: Improving Her Perception p. 289
Modifying Behaviors to Promote Health p. 290
From the Inside: Borrowed Time: An AIDS Memoir p. 294
Summary p. 294
Key Terms p. 295
Answers to Concept Checks p. 295
Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders p. 298
What Is Normal? p. 299
Gender Differences p. 300
Cultural Differences p. 302
The Development of Sexual Orientation p. 302
Gender Identity Disorders p. 304
Joe: Trapped in the Wrong Body p. 304
Causes p. 305
John: Joan: John p. 306
Treatment p. 306
Sexual Dysfunctions: Clinical Descriptions p. 307
Sexual Desire Disorders p. 309
Judy and Ira: A Loving Marriage? p. 309
Mr. and Mrs. C.: Getting Started p. 309
Lisa: The Terror of Sex p. 309
Sexual Arousal Disorders p. 310
Bill: Long Marriage, New Problem p. 310
Orgasm Disorders p. 311
Greata and Will: Loving Disunion p. 311
Gary: Running Scared p. 312
Sexual Pain Disorders p. 312
Jill: No Way In p. 312
Assessing Sexual Behavior p. 313
Interviews p. 313
Medical Examination p. 314
Psychophysiological Assessment p. 314
Causes of Sexual Dysfunction p. 315
Biological Contributions p. 315
Psychological Contributions p. 316
Social and Cultural Contributions p. 317
The Interaction of Psychological and Physical Factors p. 319
Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction p. 319
Carl: Never Too Late p. 320
Psychosocial Treatments p. 320
Medical Treatments p. 321
Summary p. 322
Paraphilia: Clinical Descriptions p. 323
Fetishism p. 323
Voyeurism and Exhibitionism p. 324
Robert: Outside the Curtains p. 324
The Lawyer Who Needed the Bus p. 324
Transvestic Fetishism p. 324
Mr. M.: Strong Man in a Dress p. 324
Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism p. 325
Pedophilia and Incest p. 326
Tony: More and Less a Father p. 326
Causes of Paraphilia p. 327
Robert: Revenge on Repression p. 327
Tony: Trained Too Young p. 328
Assessing and Treating Paraphilia p. 329
Assessment p. 329
Psychosocial Treatment p. 329
Tony: Imagining the Worst p. 329
Drug Treatments p. 331
Summary p. 331
Summary p. 332
Key Terms p. 332
Answers to Concept Checks p. 333
Substance-Related Disorders p. 336
Danny: Multiple Dependencies p. 337
Perspectives on Substance-Related Disorders p. 338
Levels of Involvement p. 338
Diagnostic Issues p. 341
Depressants p. 342
Alcohol Use Disorders p. 343
Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Substance Use Disorders p. 348
Stimulants p. 349
Amphetamine Use Disorders p. 349
Cocaine Use Disorders p. 350
Nicotine Use Disorders p. 352
Caffeine Use Disorders p. 353
Opioids p. 353
Hallucinogens p. 354
Marijuana p. 354
LSD and Other Hallucinogens p. 356
Causes p. 357
Biological Dimensions p. 357
Psychological Dimensions p. 360
Cognitive Factors p. 361
Social Dimensions p. 362
Cultural Dimensions p. 362
An Integrated Model p. 363
Treatment p. 364
Biological Treatments p. 365
Psychosocial Treatments p. 365
Sociocultural Intervention p. 369
From the Inside: Drinking: A Love Story p. 369
Summary p. 370
Key Terms p. 370
Answers to Concept Checks p. 371
Personality Disorders p. 374
An Overview p. 375
Categorical and Dimensional Models p. 375
Personality Disorder Clusters p. 376
Statistics and Development p. 376
Gender Differences p. 378
Comorbidity p. 379
Specific Personality Disorders p. 380
Cluster A Disorders p. 380
Paranoid Personality Disorder p. 380
Mr. P.: Nobody's Friend p. 380
Schizoid Personality Disorder p. 381
Mr. Z.: All on His Own p. 381
Schizotypal Personality Disorder p. 381
Mr. S.: Man with a Mission p. 382
Cluster B Disorders p. 384
Antisocial Personality Disorder p. 384
Ryan: The Thrill-Seeker p. 384
Borderline Personality Disorder p. 392
Claire: A Stranger Among Us p. 392
Histrionic Personality Disorder p. 394
Pat: Always Onstage p. 394
Narcissistic Personality Disorder p. 395
David: Taking Care of Number One p. 395
Cluster C Disorders p. 396
Avoidant Personality Disorder p. 396
Jane: Not Worth Noticing p. 396
Dependent Personality Disorder p. 397
Karen: Whatever You Say p. 398
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder p. 398
Daniel: Getting It Exactly Right p. 398
Personality Disorders Under Study p. 399
From the Inside: Girl, Interrupted p. 400
Summary p. 400
Key Terms p. 401
Answers to Concept Checks p. 401
Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders p. 404
Perspectives on the Concept of Schizophrenia p. 405
Identifying Symptoms p. 406
David: Missing Uncle Bill p. 406
Arthur: Saving the Children p. 406
Clinical Description p. 408
Positive Symptoms p. 408
Negative Symptoms p. 410
Disorganized Symptoms p. 411
Schizophrenia Subtypes p. 412
Other Psychotic Disorders p. 414
Statistics p. 414
Other Classification Systems p. 415
Development p. 415
Cultural Factors p. 416
Causes p. 417
Genetic Influences p. 417
Neurobiological Influences p. 421
Psychological and Social Influences p. 426
Treatment p. 428
Biological Interventions p. 428
Psychosocial Interventions p. 431
Treatment Across Cultures p. 433
From the Inside: When the Music's Over: My Journey into Schizophrenia p. 434
Summary p. 434
Key Terms p. 435
Answers to Concept Checks p. 435
Developmental Disorders p. 438
Perspectives p. 439
Timmy: The Boy Who Looked Right Through You p. 439
What Is Normal? What Is Abnormal? p. 439
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder p. 440
Danny: The Boy Who Couldn't Sit Still p. 440
Clinical Description p. 440
Statistics p. 441
Causes p. 442
Treatment p. 442
Learning Disorders p. 443
Alice: Taking a Reading Disorder to College p. 443
Clinical Description p. 444
Statistics p. 444
Causes p. 445
Treatment p. 447
Autistic Disorder p. 447
Amy: In Her Own World p. 447
Clinical Description p. 447
Statistics p. 450
Causes p. 451
Treatment p. 454
Mental Retardation p. 455
James: Up to the Challenge p. 456
Clinical Description p. 457
Statistics p. 459
Causes p. 459
Psychological and Social Dimensions p. 462
Treatment p. 462
From the Inside: Nobody Nowhere: The Extraordinary Autobiography of an Autistic, p. 464
Summary p. 464
Key Terms p. 465
Answers to Concept Checks p. 465
Cognitive Disorders p. 468
Perspectives p. 469
Delirium p. 469
Mr. J.: Sudden Distress p. 470
Clinical Description and Statistics p. 470
Treatment p. 471
Dementia p. 471
Diana: Humiliation and Fear p. 472
Clinical Description and Statistics p. 473
Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type p. 474
Vascular Dementia p. 477
Dementia Due to Other General Medical Conditions p. 477
Substance-Induced Persisting Dementia p. 479
Causes p. 479
Treatment: An Overview p. 482
Amnestic Disorder p. 485
S.T.: Remembering Fragments p. 485
From the Inside: Living in the Labyrinth: A Personal Journey through the Maze of Alzheimer's p. 486
Summary p. 486
Key Terms p. 487
Answers to Concept Checks p. 487
Mental Health Services: Legal and Ethical Issues p. 490
Arthur: A Family's Dilemma p. 491
Civil Commitment p. 492
Criteria for Civil Commitment p. 492
Defining Mental Illness p. 492
Dangerousness p. 493
Changes Affecting Civil Commitment p. 493
The Supreme Court and Civil Commitment p. 493
Criminalization p. 493
Deinstitutionalization and Homelessness p. 493
Reactions to Strict Commitment Procedures p. 494
Joyce Brown: Homeless but Not Helpless p. 494
An Overview of Civil Commitment p. 497
Criminal Commitment p. 497
The Insanity Defense p. 497
Reactions to the Insanity Defense p. 498
Competence to Stand Trial p. 501
Duty to Warn p. 501
Mental Health Professionals as Expert Witnesses p. 501
Patients' Rights p. 502
The Right to Treatment p. 503
The Right to Refuse Treatment p. 503
Research Participants' Rights p. 503
Greg Aller: Concerned About Rights p. 504
Clinical Practice Guidelines p. 504
Conclusions p. 506
Summary p. 507
Key Terms p. 507
Answers to Concept Checks p. 508
DSM-IV Codes p. 1
Glossary p. 1
References p. 1
Subject Index p. 1
Name Index p. 13
Credits C p. 1