简介
Since its first publication in 1945, Lord Russell's A History of Western Philosophy has been universally acclaimed as the outstanding one-volume work on the subject -- unparalleled in its comprehensiveness, its clarity, its erudition, its grace and wit. In seventy-six chapters he traces philosophy from the rise of Greek civilization to the emergence of logical analysis in the twentieth century. Among the philosophers considered are: Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Empedocles, Anaxagoras, the Atomists, Protagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, the Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicureans, the Stoics, Plotinus, Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, Benedict, Gregory the Great, John the Scot, Aquinas, Duns Scotus, William of Occam, Machiavelli, Erasmus, More, Bacon, Hobbes, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Rousseau, Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, the Utilitarians, Marx, Bergson, James, Dewey, and lastly the philosophers with whom Lord Russell himself is most closely associated -- Cantor, Frege, and Whitehead, co-author with Russell of the monumental Principia Mathematica.
目录
Preface by Author p. ix
Introduction p. xiii
Book 1 Ancient Philosophy
Part I The Pre-Socratics p. 3
Chapter I The Rise of Greek Civilization p. 3
Chapter II The Milesian School p. 24
Chapter III Pythagoras p. 29
Chapter IV Heraclitus p. 38
Chapter V Parmenides p. 48
Chapter VI Empedocles p. 53
Chapter VII Athens in Relation to Culture p. 58
Chapter VIII Anaxagoras p. 61
Chapter IX The Atomists p. 64
Chapter X Protagoras p. 73
Part II Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle p. 82
Chapter XI Socrates p. 82
Chapter XII The Influence of Sparta p. 94
Chapter XIII The Sources of Plato's Opinions p. 104
Chapter XIV Plato's Utopia p. 108
Chapter XV The Theory of Ideas p. 119
Chapter XVI Plato's Theory of Immortality p. 132
Chapter XVII Plato's Cosmogony p. 143
Chapter XVIII Knowledge and Perception in Plato p. 149
Chapter XIX Aristotle's Metaphysics p. 159
Chapter XX Aristotle's Ethics p. 172
Chapter XXI Aristotle's Politics p. 184
Chapter XXII Aristotle's Logic p. 195
Chapter XXIII Aristotle's Physics p. 203
Chapter XXIV Early Greek Mathematics and Astronomy p. 208
Part III Ancient Philosophy after Aristotle p. 218
Chapter XXV The Hellenistic World p. 218
Chapter XXVI Cynics and Sceptics p. 228
Chapter XXVII The Epicureans p. 240
Chapter XXVIII Stoicism p. 252
Chapter XXIX The Roman Empire in Relation to Culture p. 270
Chapter XXX Plotinus p. 284
Book 2 Catholic Philosophy
Introduction p. 301
Part I The Fathers p. 308
Chapter I The Religious Development of the Jews p. 308
Chapter II Christianity During the First Four Centuries p. 324
Chapter III Three Doctors of the Church p. 334
Chapter IV Saint Augustine's Philosophy and Theology p. 352
Chapter V The Fifth and Sixth Centuries p. 366
Chapter VI Saint Benedict and Gregory the Great p. 375
Part II The Schoolmen p. 388
Chapter VII The Papacy in the Dark Ages p. 388
Chapter VIII John the Scot p. 400
Chapter IX Ecclesiastical Reform in the Eleventh Century p. 407
Chapter X Mohammedan Culture and Philosophy p. 419
Chapter XI The Twelfth Century p. 428
Chapter XII The Thirteenth Century p. 441
Chapter XIII Saint Thomas Aquinas p. 452
Chapter XIV Franciscan Schoolmen p. 463
Chapter XV The Eclipse of the Papacy p. 476
Book 3 Modern Philosophy
Part I From the Renaissance to Hume p. 491
Chapter I General Characteristics p. 491
Chapter II The Italian Renaissance p. 495
Chapter III Machiavelli p. 504
Chapter IV Erasmus and More p. 512
Chapter V The Reformation and Counter-Reformation p. 522
Chapter VI The Rise of Science p. 525
Chapter VII Francis Bacon p. 541
Chapter VIII Hobbes's Leviathan p. 546
Chapter IX Descartes p. 557
Chapter X Spinoza p. 569
Chapter XI Leibniz p. 581
Chapter XII Philosophical Liberalism p. 596
Chapter XIII Locke's Theory of Knowledge p. 604
Chapter XIV Locke's Political Philosophy p. 617
Chapter XV Locke's Influence p. 641
Chapter XVI Berkeley p. 647
Chapter XVII Hume p. 659
Part II From Rousseau to the Present Day p. 675
Chapter XVIII The Romantic Movement p. 675
Chapter XIX Rousseau p. 684
Chapter XX Kant p. 701
Chapter XXI Currents of Thought in the Nineteenth Century p. 719
Chapter XXII Hegel p. 730
Chapter XXIII Byron p. 746
Chapter XXIV Schopenhauer p. 753
Chapter XXV Nietzsche p. 760
Chapter XXVI The Utilitarians p. 773
Chapter XXVII Karl Marx p. 782
Chapter XXVIII Bergson p. 791
Chapter XXIX William James p. 811
Chapter XXX John Dewey p. 819
Chapter XXXI The Philosophy of Logical Analysis p. 828
Index p. 837
Introduction p. xiii
Book 1 Ancient Philosophy
Part I The Pre-Socratics p. 3
Chapter I The Rise of Greek Civilization p. 3
Chapter II The Milesian School p. 24
Chapter III Pythagoras p. 29
Chapter IV Heraclitus p. 38
Chapter V Parmenides p. 48
Chapter VI Empedocles p. 53
Chapter VII Athens in Relation to Culture p. 58
Chapter VIII Anaxagoras p. 61
Chapter IX The Atomists p. 64
Chapter X Protagoras p. 73
Part II Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle p. 82
Chapter XI Socrates p. 82
Chapter XII The Influence of Sparta p. 94
Chapter XIII The Sources of Plato's Opinions p. 104
Chapter XIV Plato's Utopia p. 108
Chapter XV The Theory of Ideas p. 119
Chapter XVI Plato's Theory of Immortality p. 132
Chapter XVII Plato's Cosmogony p. 143
Chapter XVIII Knowledge and Perception in Plato p. 149
Chapter XIX Aristotle's Metaphysics p. 159
Chapter XX Aristotle's Ethics p. 172
Chapter XXI Aristotle's Politics p. 184
Chapter XXII Aristotle's Logic p. 195
Chapter XXIII Aristotle's Physics p. 203
Chapter XXIV Early Greek Mathematics and Astronomy p. 208
Part III Ancient Philosophy after Aristotle p. 218
Chapter XXV The Hellenistic World p. 218
Chapter XXVI Cynics and Sceptics p. 228
Chapter XXVII The Epicureans p. 240
Chapter XXVIII Stoicism p. 252
Chapter XXIX The Roman Empire in Relation to Culture p. 270
Chapter XXX Plotinus p. 284
Book 2 Catholic Philosophy
Introduction p. 301
Part I The Fathers p. 308
Chapter I The Religious Development of the Jews p. 308
Chapter II Christianity During the First Four Centuries p. 324
Chapter III Three Doctors of the Church p. 334
Chapter IV Saint Augustine's Philosophy and Theology p. 352
Chapter V The Fifth and Sixth Centuries p. 366
Chapter VI Saint Benedict and Gregory the Great p. 375
Part II The Schoolmen p. 388
Chapter VII The Papacy in the Dark Ages p. 388
Chapter VIII John the Scot p. 400
Chapter IX Ecclesiastical Reform in the Eleventh Century p. 407
Chapter X Mohammedan Culture and Philosophy p. 419
Chapter XI The Twelfth Century p. 428
Chapter XII The Thirteenth Century p. 441
Chapter XIII Saint Thomas Aquinas p. 452
Chapter XIV Franciscan Schoolmen p. 463
Chapter XV The Eclipse of the Papacy p. 476
Book 3 Modern Philosophy
Part I From the Renaissance to Hume p. 491
Chapter I General Characteristics p. 491
Chapter II The Italian Renaissance p. 495
Chapter III Machiavelli p. 504
Chapter IV Erasmus and More p. 512
Chapter V The Reformation and Counter-Reformation p. 522
Chapter VI The Rise of Science p. 525
Chapter VII Francis Bacon p. 541
Chapter VIII Hobbes's Leviathan p. 546
Chapter IX Descartes p. 557
Chapter X Spinoza p. 569
Chapter XI Leibniz p. 581
Chapter XII Philosophical Liberalism p. 596
Chapter XIII Locke's Theory of Knowledge p. 604
Chapter XIV Locke's Political Philosophy p. 617
Chapter XV Locke's Influence p. 641
Chapter XVI Berkeley p. 647
Chapter XVII Hume p. 659
Part II From Rousseau to the Present Day p. 675
Chapter XVIII The Romantic Movement p. 675
Chapter XIX Rousseau p. 684
Chapter XX Kant p. 701
Chapter XXI Currents of Thought in the Nineteenth Century p. 719
Chapter XXII Hegel p. 730
Chapter XXIII Byron p. 746
Chapter XXIV Schopenhauer p. 753
Chapter XXV Nietzsche p. 760
Chapter XXVI The Utilitarians p. 773
Chapter XXVII Karl Marx p. 782
Chapter XXVIII Bergson p. 791
Chapter XXIX William James p. 811
Chapter XXX John Dewey p. 819
Chapter XXXI The Philosophy of Logical Analysis p. 828
Index p. 837
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