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简介
Utilize Powerful New Simulation Methods to Optimize Filter Design! Electronic Filter Simulation and Design shows you how to apply simulation methods and commercially available software to catch errors early in the design stage and streamline your design process. Using 150 detailed illustrations, this hands-on resource examines cutting-edge simulation methods for lumped passive filters...active RC filters...low-pass and band-stop distributed filters...high-pass and band-pass distributed filters...high-frequency filters...discrete time filters...and much more. The book also contains a skills-building CD with files for major case studies covered in the text, together with demo versions of Mathcad and SIMetrix, so that you can work the examples and adapt them to their own projects. Electronic Filter Simulation and Design features: A wealth of synthesis procedures for design Expert guidance on filter verification via simulation The latest design techniques for high-frequency filters A valuable CD with files for major case studies from the book, plus demo versions of Mathcad and SIMetrix for adapting them Inside this Time-Saving Filter Simulation and Design Guide • Basic Concepts • Lumped Passive Filters • Active RC Filters • Transmission Lines • Low-Pass and Band-Stop Distributed Filters • High-Pass and Band-Pass Distributed Filters • Special Designs of High Frequency Filters • Discrete Time Filters • Waveguide Filters • Appendixes
目录
Table Of Contents:
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvi
Basic Concepts 1(52)
Introduction 1(1)
Basic Definitions 1(3)
Mathematical Background 4(2)
Fourier Transform 4(1)
Laplace Transform 5(1)
Filter Responses 6(7)
Frequency Response 6(1)
Transfer Function 7(1)
Pulse Response 8(3)
Step Response 11(2)
Approximations of the Ideal Low-Pass Characteristic 13(26)
Butterworth Approximation 17(3)
Chebysheff Approximation 20(6)
Cauer Approximation 26(5)
Bessel Approximation 31(7)
Some Remarks on the Polynomial Filters 38(1)
Time Response 39(4)
Step Response 39(3)
Pulse Response 42(1)
Representation of 2-Port Linear Networks 43(7)
Impedance Matrix 43(2)
Admittance Matrix 45(1)
ABCD Matrix 46(2)
Scattering Matrix 48(1)
Image Parameters 49(1)
Related Files 50(3)
References 51(2)
Lumped Passive Filters 53(82)
Introduction 53(1)
Lumped Passive 2-Port Networks 53(2)
Impedance and Frequency Normalization of a Low-Pass Filter 55(2)
Image Parameters for Low-Pass Filters 57(14)
Constant-k Low-Pass Filters 59(4)
Procedure for the Dual Filter Derivation 63(3)
m-Derived Low-Pass Filters 66(1)
Procedure for the m-Derived Filter Design 67(4)
Polynomial Low-Pass Filters 71(32)
Single Terminated Polynomial Low-Pass Filters 71(13)
Doubly Terminated Polynomial Low-Pass Filters 84(13)
Some Remarks on Passive Polynomial Low-Pass Filters 97(2)
Closed-Form Synthesis Formulae for LC Low-Pass Filters 99(4)
Polynomial High-Pass, Band-Pass, and Notch Filters 103(19)
High-Pass Filters 105(4)
Band-Pass Filters 109(11)
Notch Filters (or Band-Stop Filters) 120(2)
Complementary Filters 122(3)
Limitations on Lumped Passive Filters 125(7)
Dissipation Loss 125(4)
Parasitic Elements 129(3)
Related Files 132(3)
References 133(2)
Active RC Filters 135(78)
Introduction 135(1)
Operational Amplifiers 135(10)
Basic Configurations 136(2)
AC Response 138(1)
Stability 139(2)
Noise in Operational Amplifiers 141(2)
Opamp Dynamic Range 143(2)
Active Filters Simulating Passive LC Ladder Networks 145(7)
Simulation of Shunt Inductors 146(2)
Frequency-Dependent Negative Resistors 148(4)
Low-Pass Filters Realization with Bi-Quad Cells 152(24)
Factorization of Low-Pass Transfer Function 152(4)
Active Bi-Quad Cells 156(16)
Active Low-Pass Filter Examples 172(4)
Active High-Pass Filters 176(4)
Band-Pass Active Filters 180(11)
Real-Pole Band-Pass Mapping 180(3)
Complex Pole and Imaginary Zeroes Band-Pass Mapping 183(1)
Band-Pass Transfer Function Factorization 184(4)
An Example of an Active Band-Pass Filter 188(3)
Active Notch Filters 191(5)
Notch Response Factorization 192(1)
An Example of an Active Notch Filter 193(3)
All-Pass Filters 196(3)
Performances of the Active RC Filters 199(10)
Active Filter Noise 199(2)
Active Filter Dynamic Range 201(5)
Sensitivity 206(2)
Standard Component Values 208(1)
Related Files 209(4)
References 211(2)
Transmission Lines 213(76)
Introduction 213(1)
Definitions 213(3)
Telegraphist Equation of the Uniform Multicoupled Transmission Lines 216(7)
Admittance Matrix of the TEM Multicoupled Lines 223(5)
Isolated Transmission Lines 228(22)
Loss-Free Isolated Transmission Lines 228(2)
Design Equations for Some Common Transmission Lines 230(6)
High-Order Modes 236(3)
Common Properties of Finite-Length Transmission Lines 239(5)
Lossy Transmission Lines 244(6)
Symmetrical Coupled Lines 250(18)
Even and Odd Modes 251(3)
Immittance Matrices 254(3)
Equivalent Circuits 257(7)
Design Equations for Symmetrical Coupled Lines 264(4)
Additional Analyses of Multicoupled Lines 268(18)
Equivalent Circuits 268(9)
Distributed Capacitance 277(9)
Additional Considerations About Transmission Lines 286(1)
Related Files 287(2)
References 288(1)
Low-Pass and Band-Stop Distributed Filters 289(48)
Introduction 289(1)
Semi-Lumped Low-Pass Filters 290(25)
Design Principle 290(4)
Semi-Lumped Filter Design 294(18)
Limitations of the Semi-Lumped Filters 312(3)
Richards Transform 315(4)
Redundant Networks 319(7)
Impedance Inverters 319(4)
Kuroda Identities 323(3)
Band-Stop Filters 326(9)
Commensurate Band-Stop Filters 326(2)
Non-Commensurate Band-Stop Filters 328(3)
Examples of Distributed-Constant Filters 331(4)
Related Files 335(2)
References 336(1)
High-Pass and Band-Pass Distributed Filters 337(74)
Introduction 337(1)
Semi-Lumped High-Pass Filters 338(9)
Semi-Lumped High-Pass Elements 338(3)
Semi-Lumped High-Pass Filter Synthesis 341(3)
Semi-Lumped High-Pass Filter Design 344(3)
Comb-Line Filters 347(10)
Synthesis of the Comb-Line Filters 349(3)
Analysis of the Comb-Line Filters 352(1)
An Example of a Comb-Line Filter 353(4)
Periodic Band-Pass Filters 357(5)
Interdigital Filters 362(10)
Synthesis Formulae for the Interdigital Filters 363(6)
An Example of a Narrow-Band Interdigital Filter 369(3)
Direct-Coupled Stub Filters 372(9)
Direct-Coupled Stub Synthesis Formulae 373(1)
Examples of Direct-Coupled Stub Filters 374(7)
Edge-Coupled Filters 381(14)
Narrow-Band Edge-Coupled Filters 382(3)
Wide-Band Edge-Coupled Filters 385(6)
Spurious Response in Edge-Coupled Filters 391(4)
Other Types of Pass-Band Filters and Design Techniques 395(13)
Pass-Band Filter Synthesis with the Coupling Coefficients 396(2)
Hairpin Filters 398(4)
Tapped Filters 402(6)
Related Files 408(3)
References 409(2)
Special Designs of High-Frequency Filters 411(46)
Introduction 411(1)
Multiplexers 411(9)
An Example of a Noncontiguous Diplexer 413(4)
An Example of a Contiguous Triplexer 417(3)
Tunable Filters 420(19)
Varactor Characterization 420(8)
Tunable Comb-Lines 428(7)
Tunable Notch 435(4)
Active Filters 439(10)
Gallium Arsenide Field Effect Transistors 439(4)
Filters with Automatic Loss Compensation 443(5)
Filters with Automatic Frequency Control 448(1)
Pseudo-Elliptic Filters 449(3)
High-Power Filters 452(3)
Related Files 455(2)
References 456(1)
Discrete-Time Filters 457(70)
Introduction 457(1)
Mathematical Background 457(5)
Z-Transform 457(2)
Discrete Fourier Transform 459(1)
Fourier Series 460(2)
Digital Signal Processing 462(21)
Sampling 464(4)
Quantization 468(3)
Quantization Distortion 471(3)
ADC Pulse Shaping 474(6)
Signal Interpolation 480(2)
Response of the Analog Channel 482(1)
Digital Filters 483(35)
Basic DSP Working Principles 483(1)
IIR Filters 484(15)
FIR Filters 499(19)
Switched-Capacitor Filters 518(6)
Related Files 524(3)
References 525(2)
Waveguide Filters 527(66)
Introduction 527(2)
Propagation in Waveguides 529(6)
TE and TM Modes 530(1)
Phase Constant 530(1)
Dominant Mode 531(1)
Guided Wavelength 531(1)
Phase and Group Velocities 531(1)
Wave Impedance and Characteristic Impedance 532(1)
Rectangular Waveguide 532(1)
Ridge Waveguide 533(1)
Circular Waveguide 534(1)
Reactive Elements in Waveguide 535(3)
Shunt-Inductive Obstacles 535(1)
Shunt-Capacitive Obstacles 535(3)
Shunt-Inductive Loaded Filter 538(14)
Design Procedure 538(6)
Design Example 544(3)
Design Procedure for Wide-Band Filter 547(2)
Design Example 549(3)
Cross-Coupled Cavity Filters 552(22)
Elliptic and Generalized Chebysheff Filtering Functions 553(1)
Coupling Matrix Description for Narrow-Band Cross-Coupled Filters 554(9)
Rectangular Waveguide Realization 563(1)
Design Procedure of H-Plane and E-Plane Folded Filters 564(2)
Design Examples 566(8)
Dual-Mode Cavity Filters 574(5)
Dual-Mode Circular and Rectangular Cavity Filters 575(4)
Low-Pass Filters 579(11)
Tapered Corrugated Waveguide Filters 580(6)
Evanescent-Mode Ridged Waveguide Filters 586(4)
Related Files 590(3)
References 591(2)
Appendixes 593(8)
Appendix A: Calculation of the Polynomial Coefficients from a Factorized Expression 593(2)
Appendix B: Reflection Coefficients Zeroes of a Polynomial All-Pole Low-Pass Filter 595(4)
Appendix C: Complementarity of the Singly Terminated Low-Pass and High-Pass Filters with the Same Cutoff Frequency, Order, and Load Resistance 599(2)
Index 601
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvi
Basic Concepts 1(52)
Introduction 1(1)
Basic Definitions 1(3)
Mathematical Background 4(2)
Fourier Transform 4(1)
Laplace Transform 5(1)
Filter Responses 6(7)
Frequency Response 6(1)
Transfer Function 7(1)
Pulse Response 8(3)
Step Response 11(2)
Approximations of the Ideal Low-Pass Characteristic 13(26)
Butterworth Approximation 17(3)
Chebysheff Approximation 20(6)
Cauer Approximation 26(5)
Bessel Approximation 31(7)
Some Remarks on the Polynomial Filters 38(1)
Time Response 39(4)
Step Response 39(3)
Pulse Response 42(1)
Representation of 2-Port Linear Networks 43(7)
Impedance Matrix 43(2)
Admittance Matrix 45(1)
ABCD Matrix 46(2)
Scattering Matrix 48(1)
Image Parameters 49(1)
Related Files 50(3)
References 51(2)
Lumped Passive Filters 53(82)
Introduction 53(1)
Lumped Passive 2-Port Networks 53(2)
Impedance and Frequency Normalization of a Low-Pass Filter 55(2)
Image Parameters for Low-Pass Filters 57(14)
Constant-k Low-Pass Filters 59(4)
Procedure for the Dual Filter Derivation 63(3)
m-Derived Low-Pass Filters 66(1)
Procedure for the m-Derived Filter Design 67(4)
Polynomial Low-Pass Filters 71(32)
Single Terminated Polynomial Low-Pass Filters 71(13)
Doubly Terminated Polynomial Low-Pass Filters 84(13)
Some Remarks on Passive Polynomial Low-Pass Filters 97(2)
Closed-Form Synthesis Formulae for LC Low-Pass Filters 99(4)
Polynomial High-Pass, Band-Pass, and Notch Filters 103(19)
High-Pass Filters 105(4)
Band-Pass Filters 109(11)
Notch Filters (or Band-Stop Filters) 120(2)
Complementary Filters 122(3)
Limitations on Lumped Passive Filters 125(7)
Dissipation Loss 125(4)
Parasitic Elements 129(3)
Related Files 132(3)
References 133(2)
Active RC Filters 135(78)
Introduction 135(1)
Operational Amplifiers 135(10)
Basic Configurations 136(2)
AC Response 138(1)
Stability 139(2)
Noise in Operational Amplifiers 141(2)
Opamp Dynamic Range 143(2)
Active Filters Simulating Passive LC Ladder Networks 145(7)
Simulation of Shunt Inductors 146(2)
Frequency-Dependent Negative Resistors 148(4)
Low-Pass Filters Realization with Bi-Quad Cells 152(24)
Factorization of Low-Pass Transfer Function 152(4)
Active Bi-Quad Cells 156(16)
Active Low-Pass Filter Examples 172(4)
Active High-Pass Filters 176(4)
Band-Pass Active Filters 180(11)
Real-Pole Band-Pass Mapping 180(3)
Complex Pole and Imaginary Zeroes Band-Pass Mapping 183(1)
Band-Pass Transfer Function Factorization 184(4)
An Example of an Active Band-Pass Filter 188(3)
Active Notch Filters 191(5)
Notch Response Factorization 192(1)
An Example of an Active Notch Filter 193(3)
All-Pass Filters 196(3)
Performances of the Active RC Filters 199(10)
Active Filter Noise 199(2)
Active Filter Dynamic Range 201(5)
Sensitivity 206(2)
Standard Component Values 208(1)
Related Files 209(4)
References 211(2)
Transmission Lines 213(76)
Introduction 213(1)
Definitions 213(3)
Telegraphist Equation of the Uniform Multicoupled Transmission Lines 216(7)
Admittance Matrix of the TEM Multicoupled Lines 223(5)
Isolated Transmission Lines 228(22)
Loss-Free Isolated Transmission Lines 228(2)
Design Equations for Some Common Transmission Lines 230(6)
High-Order Modes 236(3)
Common Properties of Finite-Length Transmission Lines 239(5)
Lossy Transmission Lines 244(6)
Symmetrical Coupled Lines 250(18)
Even and Odd Modes 251(3)
Immittance Matrices 254(3)
Equivalent Circuits 257(7)
Design Equations for Symmetrical Coupled Lines 264(4)
Additional Analyses of Multicoupled Lines 268(18)
Equivalent Circuits 268(9)
Distributed Capacitance 277(9)
Additional Considerations About Transmission Lines 286(1)
Related Files 287(2)
References 288(1)
Low-Pass and Band-Stop Distributed Filters 289(48)
Introduction 289(1)
Semi-Lumped Low-Pass Filters 290(25)
Design Principle 290(4)
Semi-Lumped Filter Design 294(18)
Limitations of the Semi-Lumped Filters 312(3)
Richards Transform 315(4)
Redundant Networks 319(7)
Impedance Inverters 319(4)
Kuroda Identities 323(3)
Band-Stop Filters 326(9)
Commensurate Band-Stop Filters 326(2)
Non-Commensurate Band-Stop Filters 328(3)
Examples of Distributed-Constant Filters 331(4)
Related Files 335(2)
References 336(1)
High-Pass and Band-Pass Distributed Filters 337(74)
Introduction 337(1)
Semi-Lumped High-Pass Filters 338(9)
Semi-Lumped High-Pass Elements 338(3)
Semi-Lumped High-Pass Filter Synthesis 341(3)
Semi-Lumped High-Pass Filter Design 344(3)
Comb-Line Filters 347(10)
Synthesis of the Comb-Line Filters 349(3)
Analysis of the Comb-Line Filters 352(1)
An Example of a Comb-Line Filter 353(4)
Periodic Band-Pass Filters 357(5)
Interdigital Filters 362(10)
Synthesis Formulae for the Interdigital Filters 363(6)
An Example of a Narrow-Band Interdigital Filter 369(3)
Direct-Coupled Stub Filters 372(9)
Direct-Coupled Stub Synthesis Formulae 373(1)
Examples of Direct-Coupled Stub Filters 374(7)
Edge-Coupled Filters 381(14)
Narrow-Band Edge-Coupled Filters 382(3)
Wide-Band Edge-Coupled Filters 385(6)
Spurious Response in Edge-Coupled Filters 391(4)
Other Types of Pass-Band Filters and Design Techniques 395(13)
Pass-Band Filter Synthesis with the Coupling Coefficients 396(2)
Hairpin Filters 398(4)
Tapped Filters 402(6)
Related Files 408(3)
References 409(2)
Special Designs of High-Frequency Filters 411(46)
Introduction 411(1)
Multiplexers 411(9)
An Example of a Noncontiguous Diplexer 413(4)
An Example of a Contiguous Triplexer 417(3)
Tunable Filters 420(19)
Varactor Characterization 420(8)
Tunable Comb-Lines 428(7)
Tunable Notch 435(4)
Active Filters 439(10)
Gallium Arsenide Field Effect Transistors 439(4)
Filters with Automatic Loss Compensation 443(5)
Filters with Automatic Frequency Control 448(1)
Pseudo-Elliptic Filters 449(3)
High-Power Filters 452(3)
Related Files 455(2)
References 456(1)
Discrete-Time Filters 457(70)
Introduction 457(1)
Mathematical Background 457(5)
Z-Transform 457(2)
Discrete Fourier Transform 459(1)
Fourier Series 460(2)
Digital Signal Processing 462(21)
Sampling 464(4)
Quantization 468(3)
Quantization Distortion 471(3)
ADC Pulse Shaping 474(6)
Signal Interpolation 480(2)
Response of the Analog Channel 482(1)
Digital Filters 483(35)
Basic DSP Working Principles 483(1)
IIR Filters 484(15)
FIR Filters 499(19)
Switched-Capacitor Filters 518(6)
Related Files 524(3)
References 525(2)
Waveguide Filters 527(66)
Introduction 527(2)
Propagation in Waveguides 529(6)
TE and TM Modes 530(1)
Phase Constant 530(1)
Dominant Mode 531(1)
Guided Wavelength 531(1)
Phase and Group Velocities 531(1)
Wave Impedance and Characteristic Impedance 532(1)
Rectangular Waveguide 532(1)
Ridge Waveguide 533(1)
Circular Waveguide 534(1)
Reactive Elements in Waveguide 535(3)
Shunt-Inductive Obstacles 535(1)
Shunt-Capacitive Obstacles 535(3)
Shunt-Inductive Loaded Filter 538(14)
Design Procedure 538(6)
Design Example 544(3)
Design Procedure for Wide-Band Filter 547(2)
Design Example 549(3)
Cross-Coupled Cavity Filters 552(22)
Elliptic and Generalized Chebysheff Filtering Functions 553(1)
Coupling Matrix Description for Narrow-Band Cross-Coupled Filters 554(9)
Rectangular Waveguide Realization 563(1)
Design Procedure of H-Plane and E-Plane Folded Filters 564(2)
Design Examples 566(8)
Dual-Mode Cavity Filters 574(5)
Dual-Mode Circular and Rectangular Cavity Filters 575(4)
Low-Pass Filters 579(11)
Tapered Corrugated Waveguide Filters 580(6)
Evanescent-Mode Ridged Waveguide Filters 586(4)
Related Files 590(3)
References 591(2)
Appendixes 593(8)
Appendix A: Calculation of the Polynomial Coefficients from a Factorized Expression 593(2)
Appendix B: Reflection Coefficients Zeroes of a Polynomial All-Pole Low-Pass Filter 595(4)
Appendix C: Complementarity of the Singly Terminated Low-Pass and High-Pass Filters with the Same Cutoff Frequency, Order, and Load Resistance 599(2)
Index 601
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