简介
Including some 90 readings intended to promote thinking about critical reading and language issues, presumably in the context of introductory undergraduate language courses, Goshgarian (Northeastern U.) presents a new edition of his text, substantially revised to take into account a number of issues that arise in the context of September 11th and the subsequent "war on terror" and promotion of "homeland security." New to the edition are some 60% of its readings and chapters on political speech, censorship, political correctness and hate speech, and the "art of conversation." The readings are frequently paired in order to highlight differing positions and uses of words, for instance placing leftist songstress Ani Difranco's September 11th poem "self-evident" against conservative language columnist William Safire's "Nameless Event." Annotation 漏2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
目录
Preface p. xvii
Introduction: Thinking and Reading Critically p. 1
What Is Critical Thinking? p. 1
Why Read Critically p. 2
How to Read Critically p. 3
Critical Reading in Action--Sample Essay for Analysis p. 6
The Selling of Rebellion John Leo p. 10
Logical Fallacies--What They Are and How to Avoid Them p. 18
Logical Fallacies p. 19
Exploring the Language of Visuals p. 21
Some Useful URLs on Writing and Language p. 22
1 Breaking Silences p. 24
Beginnings: Moving from Silence into Language p. 26
Language and Thought Susanne K. Langer p. 26
A Brief History of English Paul Roberts p. 31
The Story of Writing C. M. Millward p. 41
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Sign Language p. 51
Personal Recollections: Coming into Language p. 53
Homemade Education Malcolm X p. 53
A Word for Everything Helen Keller p. 56
The Language of Silence Maxine Hong Kingston p. 61
Spanish Lessons Christine Marin p. 67
Case Study: Women Breaking Silences--A Historical Survey p. 74
Seneca Falls Declaration Elizabeth Cady Stanton p. 74
Aren't I a Woman? Sojourner Truth p. 78
Women Compelled to Prove Themselves Carrie Lane Chapman Catt p. 80
Professions for Women Virginia Woolf p. 83
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Rosie the Riveter p. 88
Claiming an Education Adrienne Rich p. 89
Exploring the Language of Visuals: The Guerrilla Girls p. 94
2 Writers Writing: Words in Contexts p. 97
The Writing Process p. 99
Freewriting Peter Elbow p. 99
Writing for an Audience Linda Flower p. 105
The Maker's Eye: Revising Your Own Manuscript Donald M. Murray p. 108
Finding the Right Words p. 113
Simplicity William Zinsser p. 113
How to Write with Style Kurt Vonnegut p. 119
Why "Techies" Need to Know How to Write Jeffrey Doughty p. 123
Cliches, Anyone? James Isaacs p. 132
3 Wired Language p. 135
Language and the Internet p. 137
The Other Side of E-Mail Robert Kuttner p. 137
Internet Changes Language for:-) and :-( Amy Harmon p. 139
The Internet ... Good News or Bad Language Robert Henderson p. 143
Identity and Self Online p. 146
The Virtual Community Howard Rheingold p. 146
Can a Body Meet a Body Coming Through the Wire? Chet Raymo p. 152
Identity in the Age of the Internet Sherry Turkel p. 155
Internet Spanglish Vanessa Bauza p. 162
4 The Language of Humor: What Makes Us Laugh p. 166
What's Funny? p. 168
Outsiders/Insiders Joseph Boskin p. 168
Holocaust Humor Shai Oster p. 178
Chris Rock: Seriously Funny Christopher John Farley p. 184
In Answer to the Question: Have You Ever Considered Suicide? Kate Rushin p. 188
Excerpt from The LA LA Awards Latins Anonymous p. 190
Case Study: Cartoons and Comic Strips p. 198
What Is a Cartoon? Mort Gerberg p. 199
Defiantly Incorrect: The Humor of John Callahan Timothy Egan p. 203
Editorial Cartoonist--An Endangered Species? Doug Marlette p. 208
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Sample Cartoons p. 213
5 Politically Speaking p. 219
Political Word Play p. 221
How to Detect Propaganda Institute for Propaganda Analysis p. 221
Politics and the English Language George Orwell p. 227
Doubts About Doublespeak William Lutz p. 238
Changing the Language of Sex Crimes Against Children Richard Hoffman p. 242
Case Study: GunSpeak--Political Pundits and the Public on Youth Violence in America p. 246
Political Pundits Speak Out p. 247
The Erosion of Empathy Sissela Bok p. 247
An Issue Beyond Ideology Jim Sleeper p. 249
Missing the Mark Jackson Katz and Sut Jhally p. 251
Behind the School Shooting Robert W. Lee p. 254
Stop Blaming Kids and TV Mike Males p. 257
The Public Speaks Out p. 261
Lessons of Littleton Letters to the Editor of Newsweek magazine p. 261
Not Gun Shy Stan Grossfeld p. 263
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Anti-Gun Protest p. 269
6 The Language of Mass Media and Advertising p. 272
The Language of Mass Media p. 275
Yadda, Yadda, Yadda Leslie Savan p. 275
Freedom to Talk Dirty Deborah Tannen p. 278
TV News: All the World in Pictures Neil Postman and Steve Powers p. 281
Hurry Healing Ellen Goodman p. 288
The Infatuation with Foul Language Michael Medved p. 291
Two-Headed Monsters Columbia Journalism Review p. 299
The Language of Advertising p. 301
With These Words I Can Sell You Anything William Lutz p. 301
The Language of Advertising Charles A. O'Neill p. 315
"Hey, Kids, Buy This!" David Leonhardt and Kathleen Kerwin p. 326
Get Out of My Face! The Use of Coarse Language in Advertising Herschell Gordon Lewis p. 333
Exploring The Language of Visuals: Three Sample Ads p. 339
7 Censorship and Free Speech p. 346
Censorship and Free Speech on Campus p. 348
Regulating Racist Speech on Campus Charles R. Lawrence III p. 348
The Betrayal of Liberty on America's Campuses Alan C. Kors p. 353
In Praise of Censure Garry Wills p. 360
Censorship and Free Speech in Cyberspace p. 365
The Internet: A Clear and Present Danger? Cathleen A. Cleaver p. 365
What Part of "NO Law" Don't You Understand? William Bennett Turner p. 370
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Watching the Web p. 378
See No Evil, Surf No Evil John Leo p. 380
Censorship and Free Speech in Books p. 383
The Freedom to Read The American Library Association p. 383
Banned Books Week 1997: A Case of Misrepresentation Steve McKinzie p. 387
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Huckleberry Finn Banned! p. 390
Author's Afterword from Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury p. 393
8 He Says/She Says p. 397
Do Men and Women Speak the Same Language? p. 399
Sex Differences Ronald Macaulay p. 399
"I'll Explain It to You": Lecturing and Listening Deborah Tannen p. 405
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Roz Chast on Gender and Language p. 419
The Mask of Masculinity George Will p. 421
Nonverbal Behavior: Culture, Gender, and the Media Teri Kwal Gamble and Michael W. Gamble p. 424
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Body Language p. 428
Is English Sexually Biased? p. 431
Introduction to the A-Z of Non-Sexist Language Margaret Doyle p. 431
Gender Benders Jack Rosenthal p. 436
Life as a Female Gentleman Lani Guinier p. 439
Real Men Don't: Anti-Male Bias in English Eugene R. August p. 444
9 The Language of Labeling p. 457
Slurs and Stereotypes p. 459
"Nigger": The Meaning of a Word Gloria Naylor p. 459
The Etymology of the International Insult Charles F. Berlitz p. 463
Crimes Against Humanity Ward Churchill p. 467
Growing Up Asian in America Kesaya E. Noda p. 475
Queer Lillian Faderman p. 482
Case Study: Political Correctness p. 486
Bias-Free Language: Some Guidelines Rosalie Maggio p. 487
The Word Police Michiko Kakutani p. 498
In the Canon, for All the Wrong Reasons Amy Tan p. 503
Beware the Advozealots: Mindless Good Intentions Injure the Handicapped Bernard Rimland p. 507
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Callahan Cartoon p. 511
10 What Is the Language of the American People? p. 514
What Is "Standard" English? p. 516
Good English and Bad Bill Bryson p. 516
Why Good English Is Good for You John Simon p. 525
Not White, Just Right Rachel L. Jones p. 535
On Not Writing in English Aurora Levins Morales p. 538
What's Not "Standard" English?--Slang and Jargon p. 542
It Ain't No Big Thing Paul Dickson p. 542
Dangerous Dozens Anne Ashmore-Hudson p. 549
It's, Like, Extreme, But Not Gross Scot Lehigh p. 553
Words of Wisdom Audrey Y. Williams p. 557
Case Study: English Only or Bilingualism? p. 562
Bilingualism in America: English Should Be the Only Language S. I. Hayakawa p. 562
Exploring the Language of Visuals: "Please Do Not Feed Pigeons" p. 568
My Spanish Standoff Gabriella Kuntz p. 570
Let's Not Say Adios to Bilingual Education Lourdes Rovira p. 572
Photo and Text Credits p. 578
Index of Authors and Titles p. 583
Introduction: Thinking and Reading Critically p. 1
What Is Critical Thinking? p. 1
Why Read Critically p. 2
How to Read Critically p. 3
Critical Reading in Action--Sample Essay for Analysis p. 6
The Selling of Rebellion John Leo p. 10
Logical Fallacies--What They Are and How to Avoid Them p. 18
Logical Fallacies p. 19
Exploring the Language of Visuals p. 21
Some Useful URLs on Writing and Language p. 22
1 Breaking Silences p. 24
Beginnings: Moving from Silence into Language p. 26
Language and Thought Susanne K. Langer p. 26
A Brief History of English Paul Roberts p. 31
The Story of Writing C. M. Millward p. 41
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Sign Language p. 51
Personal Recollections: Coming into Language p. 53
Homemade Education Malcolm X p. 53
A Word for Everything Helen Keller p. 56
The Language of Silence Maxine Hong Kingston p. 61
Spanish Lessons Christine Marin p. 67
Case Study: Women Breaking Silences--A Historical Survey p. 74
Seneca Falls Declaration Elizabeth Cady Stanton p. 74
Aren't I a Woman? Sojourner Truth p. 78
Women Compelled to Prove Themselves Carrie Lane Chapman Catt p. 80
Professions for Women Virginia Woolf p. 83
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Rosie the Riveter p. 88
Claiming an Education Adrienne Rich p. 89
Exploring the Language of Visuals: The Guerrilla Girls p. 94
2 Writers Writing: Words in Contexts p. 97
The Writing Process p. 99
Freewriting Peter Elbow p. 99
Writing for an Audience Linda Flower p. 105
The Maker's Eye: Revising Your Own Manuscript Donald M. Murray p. 108
Finding the Right Words p. 113
Simplicity William Zinsser p. 113
How to Write with Style Kurt Vonnegut p. 119
Why "Techies" Need to Know How to Write Jeffrey Doughty p. 123
Cliches, Anyone? James Isaacs p. 132
3 Wired Language p. 135
Language and the Internet p. 137
The Other Side of E-Mail Robert Kuttner p. 137
Internet Changes Language for:-) and :-( Amy Harmon p. 139
The Internet ... Good News or Bad Language Robert Henderson p. 143
Identity and Self Online p. 146
The Virtual Community Howard Rheingold p. 146
Can a Body Meet a Body Coming Through the Wire? Chet Raymo p. 152
Identity in the Age of the Internet Sherry Turkel p. 155
Internet Spanglish Vanessa Bauza p. 162
4 The Language of Humor: What Makes Us Laugh p. 166
What's Funny? p. 168
Outsiders/Insiders Joseph Boskin p. 168
Holocaust Humor Shai Oster p. 178
Chris Rock: Seriously Funny Christopher John Farley p. 184
In Answer to the Question: Have You Ever Considered Suicide? Kate Rushin p. 188
Excerpt from The LA LA Awards Latins Anonymous p. 190
Case Study: Cartoons and Comic Strips p. 198
What Is a Cartoon? Mort Gerberg p. 199
Defiantly Incorrect: The Humor of John Callahan Timothy Egan p. 203
Editorial Cartoonist--An Endangered Species? Doug Marlette p. 208
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Sample Cartoons p. 213
5 Politically Speaking p. 219
Political Word Play p. 221
How to Detect Propaganda Institute for Propaganda Analysis p. 221
Politics and the English Language George Orwell p. 227
Doubts About Doublespeak William Lutz p. 238
Changing the Language of Sex Crimes Against Children Richard Hoffman p. 242
Case Study: GunSpeak--Political Pundits and the Public on Youth Violence in America p. 246
Political Pundits Speak Out p. 247
The Erosion of Empathy Sissela Bok p. 247
An Issue Beyond Ideology Jim Sleeper p. 249
Missing the Mark Jackson Katz and Sut Jhally p. 251
Behind the School Shooting Robert W. Lee p. 254
Stop Blaming Kids and TV Mike Males p. 257
The Public Speaks Out p. 261
Lessons of Littleton Letters to the Editor of Newsweek magazine p. 261
Not Gun Shy Stan Grossfeld p. 263
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Anti-Gun Protest p. 269
6 The Language of Mass Media and Advertising p. 272
The Language of Mass Media p. 275
Yadda, Yadda, Yadda Leslie Savan p. 275
Freedom to Talk Dirty Deborah Tannen p. 278
TV News: All the World in Pictures Neil Postman and Steve Powers p. 281
Hurry Healing Ellen Goodman p. 288
The Infatuation with Foul Language Michael Medved p. 291
Two-Headed Monsters Columbia Journalism Review p. 299
The Language of Advertising p. 301
With These Words I Can Sell You Anything William Lutz p. 301
The Language of Advertising Charles A. O'Neill p. 315
"Hey, Kids, Buy This!" David Leonhardt and Kathleen Kerwin p. 326
Get Out of My Face! The Use of Coarse Language in Advertising Herschell Gordon Lewis p. 333
Exploring The Language of Visuals: Three Sample Ads p. 339
7 Censorship and Free Speech p. 346
Censorship and Free Speech on Campus p. 348
Regulating Racist Speech on Campus Charles R. Lawrence III p. 348
The Betrayal of Liberty on America's Campuses Alan C. Kors p. 353
In Praise of Censure Garry Wills p. 360
Censorship and Free Speech in Cyberspace p. 365
The Internet: A Clear and Present Danger? Cathleen A. Cleaver p. 365
What Part of "NO Law" Don't You Understand? William Bennett Turner p. 370
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Watching the Web p. 378
See No Evil, Surf No Evil John Leo p. 380
Censorship and Free Speech in Books p. 383
The Freedom to Read The American Library Association p. 383
Banned Books Week 1997: A Case of Misrepresentation Steve McKinzie p. 387
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Huckleberry Finn Banned! p. 390
Author's Afterword from Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury p. 393
8 He Says/She Says p. 397
Do Men and Women Speak the Same Language? p. 399
Sex Differences Ronald Macaulay p. 399
"I'll Explain It to You": Lecturing and Listening Deborah Tannen p. 405
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Roz Chast on Gender and Language p. 419
The Mask of Masculinity George Will p. 421
Nonverbal Behavior: Culture, Gender, and the Media Teri Kwal Gamble and Michael W. Gamble p. 424
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Body Language p. 428
Is English Sexually Biased? p. 431
Introduction to the A-Z of Non-Sexist Language Margaret Doyle p. 431
Gender Benders Jack Rosenthal p. 436
Life as a Female Gentleman Lani Guinier p. 439
Real Men Don't: Anti-Male Bias in English Eugene R. August p. 444
9 The Language of Labeling p. 457
Slurs and Stereotypes p. 459
"Nigger": The Meaning of a Word Gloria Naylor p. 459
The Etymology of the International Insult Charles F. Berlitz p. 463
Crimes Against Humanity Ward Churchill p. 467
Growing Up Asian in America Kesaya E. Noda p. 475
Queer Lillian Faderman p. 482
Case Study: Political Correctness p. 486
Bias-Free Language: Some Guidelines Rosalie Maggio p. 487
The Word Police Michiko Kakutani p. 498
In the Canon, for All the Wrong Reasons Amy Tan p. 503
Beware the Advozealots: Mindless Good Intentions Injure the Handicapped Bernard Rimland p. 507
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Callahan Cartoon p. 511
10 What Is the Language of the American People? p. 514
What Is "Standard" English? p. 516
Good English and Bad Bill Bryson p. 516
Why Good English Is Good for You John Simon p. 525
Not White, Just Right Rachel L. Jones p. 535
On Not Writing in English Aurora Levins Morales p. 538
What's Not "Standard" English?--Slang and Jargon p. 542
It Ain't No Big Thing Paul Dickson p. 542
Dangerous Dozens Anne Ashmore-Hudson p. 549
It's, Like, Extreme, But Not Gross Scot Lehigh p. 553
Words of Wisdom Audrey Y. Williams p. 557
Case Study: English Only or Bilingualism? p. 562
Bilingualism in America: English Should Be the Only Language S. I. Hayakawa p. 562
Exploring the Language of Visuals: "Please Do Not Feed Pigeons" p. 568
My Spanish Standoff Gabriella Kuntz p. 570
Let's Not Say Adios to Bilingual Education Lourdes Rovira p. 572
Photo and Text Credits p. 578
Index of Authors and Titles p. 583
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