简介
On its 30th anniversary, Plumer's Principles and Practice of Intravenous Therapy remains the primary source of information on infusion therapy. This completely updated, clear, and concise text meets the caregiver's need for reliable and current coverage of therapy functions, procedures, standards, and equipment. New to this edition: five main sections (Overview of IV Therapy; Assessment & Monitoring; Principles of Equipment Selection and Clinical Applications; Patient-Specific Therapies; and Special Applications); new chapter on documenting and defining evidence-based practice; and updated information on the INS Standards of Practice. Important features include: / Emphasis on health care worker and patient safety / State-of-the-art procedures, techniques, and equipment / Client education, home care management, and procedures highlights / CD-ROM with more than 100 monographs on intravenous drugs. A Brandon-Hill Recommended Title.
目录
List of Tables p. xix
Overview of Intravenous Therapy p. 1
History of Intravenous Therapy p. 3
Early History and Methodology p. 3
The Intravenous Nurses Society, Inc. p. 8
Infusion Nursing in the 21st Century p. 9
Minimizing Risk and Improving Quality in Intravenous Therapy p. 11
Professional Nursing and Legal Safeguards p. 11
Professional Nursing and Quality Improvement p. 18
Nursing Role and Responsibilities p. 26
Collaborative Role of the Nurse p. 26
Role of Intravenous Nursing Teams p. 26
Role of Resource Personnel p. 27
Leadership Responsibility p. 27
Impact of Cost Containment on Infusion Teams p. 34
Application of Intravenous Nurses Society Standards of Practice p. 37
The Standards p. 37
Policies, Procedures, and Infusion Therapy p. 38
Competencies in Practice p. 38
Assessment and Monitoring p. 49
Anatomy and Physiology Applied to Intravascular Therapy p. 51
Vascular Anatomy and Therapeutic Goals p. 51
Systems and Organs Involved in Intravenous Therapy p. 53
Laboratory Tests p. 61
Collection of Venous Blood p. 61
Common Laboratory Tests p. 69
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance p. 88
Overview of Physiology p. 88
Objectives of Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy p. 103
Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances in Specific Patients p. 105
Principles of Parenteral Fluid Administration p. 119
Parenteral Fluids p. 119
Intravenous Infusion p. 120
Kinds and Composition of Fluids p. 122
Evaluation of Water and Electrolyte Balance p. 135
Clinical Disturbances of Water and Electrolyte Metabolism p. 141
Potential Complications and Ongoing Monitoring p. 149
Understanding Complications p. 149
Local Complications p. 149
Systemic Complications p. 156
Additional Hazards: Particulates p. 173
Ongoing Monitoring and Precautions p. 176
Defining and Documenting Evidence-Based Practice p. 179
Evidence-Based Nursing p. 179
Competency-Based Programs and Documentation p. 188
Principles of Equipment Selection and Clinical Applications p. 191
Principles and Use of Intravenous Equipment for Infusion Therapy p. 193
Physical Principles of Equipment Use p. 194
Safety Principles and Selection of Equipment p. 199
Equipment Safety and Use p. 227
Techniques of Peripheral Intravenous Therapy p. 231
Approach to Preparation p. 231
Considerations for Vein Selection p. 234
Considerations Before Beginning the Infusion p. 239
Considerations for Venipuncture Procedure p. 241
Other Insertion Techniques p. 246
Central Venous Catheterization p. 260
Vascular Structures Used in Central Venous Catheterization p. 260
Early Uses of Central Venous Catheters p. 264
Expanded Uses of Central Venous Catheters p. 266
Preparations for Central Venous Catheterization p. 271
Insertion of the Lines p. 273
Postinsertion Care p. 281
Complications of Central Venous Catheterization p. 283
Care and Maintenance of Central Venous Lines p. 289
Advanced Vascular Access p. 295
Improvements in Vascular Access Devices p. 295
Advances in Complication Prevention p. 310
Advanced Troubleshooting for Vascular Access Devices p. 318
Intra-arterial Therapy p. 326
Role of Arterial Blood Gas Analysis p. 326
Access Sites for Arterial Blood Analysis p. 327
One-Time Arterial Blood Sampling p. 328
Use of an Indwelling Arterial Catheter p. 333
Intra-arterial Parameters and Interpretation p. 340
Patient-Specific Therapies p. 351
Parenteral Nutrition p. 353
History of Parenteral Nutrition p. 353
Indications for Parenteral Nutrition p. 354
Nutritional Assessment p. 356
Nutritional Requirements p. 366
Parenteral Nutrition Solutions p. 369
Administration of Parenteral Nutrition p. 375
Nursing Management in Parenteral Nutrition p. 385
Complications of Parenteral Nutrition p. 389
Home Parenteral Nutrition p. 405
Transfusion Therapy p. 411
Transfusion Therapy in the 21st Century: An Overview p. 411
Basic Immunohematology p. 412
Pretransfusion Testing p. 415
Anticoagulants-Preservatives p. 419
Whole Blood p. 419
Red Blood Cell Components p. 421
Platelets p. 424
Granulocytes p. 425
Plasma p. 426
Blood Administration p. 434
Transfusion Reactions p. 440
Drug Administration p. 452
Administering Drug Therapy by the Intravenous Route p. 452
Advantages of the Intravenous Route p. 452
Disadvantages of the Intravenous Route p. 456
Safeguards to Minimize Hazards of Administering Intravenous Drugs p. 462
Antineoplastic Therapy p. 474
Role of the Intravenous Nurse in Chemotherapy Education p. 474
Safe Preparation, Handling, and Disposal of Chemotherapeutic Agents p. 484
Overview of Chemotherapy p. 488
Systemic Drug Delivery Techniques p. 508
Complications of Chemotherapy p. 522
Management of Side Effects p. 537
Pain Management p. 549
Role of Nurses in Pain Management p. 549
Acute Pain p. 553
Chronic Pain p. 554
Opioids p. 554
Staff Education p. 569
Intravenous Conscious Sedation p. 577
Continuous Local Anesthethetics p. 577
Documentation p. 578
Special Applications Of Intravenous Therapy p. 581
Pediatric Intravenous Therapy p. 583
Intravenous Therapy in Infants and Children p. 583
Physical and Emotional Considerations in Pediatric Patients p. 583
Common Pediatric Intravenous Therapies p. 588
Peripheral Intravenous Access p. 610
Central Intravenous Access p. 625
Other Routes of Vascular Access in Children p. 636
Intravenous Administration Equipment p. 644
Alternative-Site Pediatric Intravenous Therapy p. 645
Intravenous Therapy in an Older Adult Patient p. 652
Demographics: An Aging Population p. 652
The Older Patient as a Health Care Consumer p. 653
Physiology of Aging p. 653
Access and Equipment p. 657
Intravenous Therapy in Alternate Clinical Settings: Cost Factors and Treatment Modalities p. 662
The Changing Health Care Environment p. 662
Influence of Managed Care p. 663
Home Care p. 664
Hospice p. 681
Subacute Care Facilities p. 682
Ambulatory Infusion Centers p. 683
Long-Term Care p. 684
Future Infusion Technology for Alternate Care Programs p. 685
Appendices
Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Role in Infusion Therapy p. 689
Certification and Recertification p. 692
Continuing Education Opportunities p. 694
Drug Enforcement Agency Schedules of Controlled Substances p. 695
MedWatch Reporting Form p. 696
Recommended HIV Postexposure Follow-Up of Health Care Workers p. 698
Provisional Public Health Service Recommendations for Chemoprophylaxis After Occupational Exposure to HIV, By Type of Exposure and Source Material p. 699
EPINet Postexposure Follow-Up Reporting Forms p. 701
Standards for Latex Allergy Precautions p. 709
Websites of Interest to IV Nurses p. 713
Selected OSHA Guidelines to Enhance Safety in the Workplace p. 714
Answers to Questions p. 720
Glossary p. 722
Index p. 728
Overview of Intravenous Therapy p. 1
History of Intravenous Therapy p. 3
Early History and Methodology p. 3
The Intravenous Nurses Society, Inc. p. 8
Infusion Nursing in the 21st Century p. 9
Minimizing Risk and Improving Quality in Intravenous Therapy p. 11
Professional Nursing and Legal Safeguards p. 11
Professional Nursing and Quality Improvement p. 18
Nursing Role and Responsibilities p. 26
Collaborative Role of the Nurse p. 26
Role of Intravenous Nursing Teams p. 26
Role of Resource Personnel p. 27
Leadership Responsibility p. 27
Impact of Cost Containment on Infusion Teams p. 34
Application of Intravenous Nurses Society Standards of Practice p. 37
The Standards p. 37
Policies, Procedures, and Infusion Therapy p. 38
Competencies in Practice p. 38
Assessment and Monitoring p. 49
Anatomy and Physiology Applied to Intravascular Therapy p. 51
Vascular Anatomy and Therapeutic Goals p. 51
Systems and Organs Involved in Intravenous Therapy p. 53
Laboratory Tests p. 61
Collection of Venous Blood p. 61
Common Laboratory Tests p. 69
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance p. 88
Overview of Physiology p. 88
Objectives of Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy p. 103
Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances in Specific Patients p. 105
Principles of Parenteral Fluid Administration p. 119
Parenteral Fluids p. 119
Intravenous Infusion p. 120
Kinds and Composition of Fluids p. 122
Evaluation of Water and Electrolyte Balance p. 135
Clinical Disturbances of Water and Electrolyte Metabolism p. 141
Potential Complications and Ongoing Monitoring p. 149
Understanding Complications p. 149
Local Complications p. 149
Systemic Complications p. 156
Additional Hazards: Particulates p. 173
Ongoing Monitoring and Precautions p. 176
Defining and Documenting Evidence-Based Practice p. 179
Evidence-Based Nursing p. 179
Competency-Based Programs and Documentation p. 188
Principles of Equipment Selection and Clinical Applications p. 191
Principles and Use of Intravenous Equipment for Infusion Therapy p. 193
Physical Principles of Equipment Use p. 194
Safety Principles and Selection of Equipment p. 199
Equipment Safety and Use p. 227
Techniques of Peripheral Intravenous Therapy p. 231
Approach to Preparation p. 231
Considerations for Vein Selection p. 234
Considerations Before Beginning the Infusion p. 239
Considerations for Venipuncture Procedure p. 241
Other Insertion Techniques p. 246
Central Venous Catheterization p. 260
Vascular Structures Used in Central Venous Catheterization p. 260
Early Uses of Central Venous Catheters p. 264
Expanded Uses of Central Venous Catheters p. 266
Preparations for Central Venous Catheterization p. 271
Insertion of the Lines p. 273
Postinsertion Care p. 281
Complications of Central Venous Catheterization p. 283
Care and Maintenance of Central Venous Lines p. 289
Advanced Vascular Access p. 295
Improvements in Vascular Access Devices p. 295
Advances in Complication Prevention p. 310
Advanced Troubleshooting for Vascular Access Devices p. 318
Intra-arterial Therapy p. 326
Role of Arterial Blood Gas Analysis p. 326
Access Sites for Arterial Blood Analysis p. 327
One-Time Arterial Blood Sampling p. 328
Use of an Indwelling Arterial Catheter p. 333
Intra-arterial Parameters and Interpretation p. 340
Patient-Specific Therapies p. 351
Parenteral Nutrition p. 353
History of Parenteral Nutrition p. 353
Indications for Parenteral Nutrition p. 354
Nutritional Assessment p. 356
Nutritional Requirements p. 366
Parenteral Nutrition Solutions p. 369
Administration of Parenteral Nutrition p. 375
Nursing Management in Parenteral Nutrition p. 385
Complications of Parenteral Nutrition p. 389
Home Parenteral Nutrition p. 405
Transfusion Therapy p. 411
Transfusion Therapy in the 21st Century: An Overview p. 411
Basic Immunohematology p. 412
Pretransfusion Testing p. 415
Anticoagulants-Preservatives p. 419
Whole Blood p. 419
Red Blood Cell Components p. 421
Platelets p. 424
Granulocytes p. 425
Plasma p. 426
Blood Administration p. 434
Transfusion Reactions p. 440
Drug Administration p. 452
Administering Drug Therapy by the Intravenous Route p. 452
Advantages of the Intravenous Route p. 452
Disadvantages of the Intravenous Route p. 456
Safeguards to Minimize Hazards of Administering Intravenous Drugs p. 462
Antineoplastic Therapy p. 474
Role of the Intravenous Nurse in Chemotherapy Education p. 474
Safe Preparation, Handling, and Disposal of Chemotherapeutic Agents p. 484
Overview of Chemotherapy p. 488
Systemic Drug Delivery Techniques p. 508
Complications of Chemotherapy p. 522
Management of Side Effects p. 537
Pain Management p. 549
Role of Nurses in Pain Management p. 549
Acute Pain p. 553
Chronic Pain p. 554
Opioids p. 554
Staff Education p. 569
Intravenous Conscious Sedation p. 577
Continuous Local Anesthethetics p. 577
Documentation p. 578
Special Applications Of Intravenous Therapy p. 581
Pediatric Intravenous Therapy p. 583
Intravenous Therapy in Infants and Children p. 583
Physical and Emotional Considerations in Pediatric Patients p. 583
Common Pediatric Intravenous Therapies p. 588
Peripheral Intravenous Access p. 610
Central Intravenous Access p. 625
Other Routes of Vascular Access in Children p. 636
Intravenous Administration Equipment p. 644
Alternative-Site Pediatric Intravenous Therapy p. 645
Intravenous Therapy in an Older Adult Patient p. 652
Demographics: An Aging Population p. 652
The Older Patient as a Health Care Consumer p. 653
Physiology of Aging p. 653
Access and Equipment p. 657
Intravenous Therapy in Alternate Clinical Settings: Cost Factors and Treatment Modalities p. 662
The Changing Health Care Environment p. 662
Influence of Managed Care p. 663
Home Care p. 664
Hospice p. 681
Subacute Care Facilities p. 682
Ambulatory Infusion Centers p. 683
Long-Term Care p. 684
Future Infusion Technology for Alternate Care Programs p. 685
Appendices
Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Role in Infusion Therapy p. 689
Certification and Recertification p. 692
Continuing Education Opportunities p. 694
Drug Enforcement Agency Schedules of Controlled Substances p. 695
MedWatch Reporting Form p. 696
Recommended HIV Postexposure Follow-Up of Health Care Workers p. 698
Provisional Public Health Service Recommendations for Chemoprophylaxis After Occupational Exposure to HIV, By Type of Exposure and Source Material p. 699
EPINet Postexposure Follow-Up Reporting Forms p. 701
Standards for Latex Allergy Precautions p. 709
Websites of Interest to IV Nurses p. 713
Selected OSHA Guidelines to Enhance Safety in the Workplace p. 714
Answers to Questions p. 720
Glossary p. 722
Index p. 728
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