Lipids in photosynthesis : structure, function, and genetics /

Table Of Contents:
Preface ix

1 Lipids in Photosynthesis: An Overview 1-20(19)

Norio Murata

Paul-Andre Siegenthaler
Summary 1(1)

I. Lipids and Fatty Acids in Photosynthetic Membranes 2(3)

II. Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids and Glycerolipids in Chloroplasts and Cyanobacterial Cells 5(5)

III. Roles of Glycerolipids in Photosynthesis 10(6)

Acknowledgment 16(1)

References 16(5)

2 Structure, Distribution and Biosynthesis of Glycerolipids from Higher Plant Chloroplasts 21-52(31)

Jacques Joyard

Eric Marechal

Christine Miege

Maryse A. Block

Albert-Jean Dorne

Roland Douce
Summary 22(1)

I. Introduction 22(1)

II. Structure and Distribution of Chloroplast Glycerolipids 23(3)

III. Photosynthesis and Lipid Biosynthesis 26(7)

IV. Diversity of Diacylglycerol Molecular Species Produced in Plastid Envelope Membranes 33(6)

V. MGDG Synthesis and Diacylglycerol Metabolism in Envelope Membranes 39(6)

VI. The Last Step in Glycerolipid Biosynthesis: Fatty Acid Desaturation 45(1)

Acknowledgments 46(1)

References 46(7)

3 Membrane Lipids in Algae 53-64(11)

John L. Harwood
Summary 53(1)

I. Introductory Remarks 54(1)

II. The Nature of Algal Lipids 54(2)

III. Lipid Composition of Algae 56(7)

IV. Metabolism of Algal Lipids 63(1)

Acknowledgments 63(1)

References 63(2)

4 Membrane Lipids in Cyanobacteria 65-81(16)

Hajime Wada

Norio Murata
Summary 65(1)

I. Introduction 66(1)

II. Characteristics of Cyanobacterial Lipids 67(1)

III. Biosynthesis of Lipids 68(4)

IV. Fatty Acid Desaturases 72(2)

V. Changes in Membrane Lipids in Response to Environmental Factors 74(4)

VI. Conclusion and Future Perspectives 78(1)

Acknowledgment 78(1)

References 78(5)

5 Membrane Lipids in Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria 83-101(18)

Christoph Benning
Summary 83(1)

I. Introduction 84(2)

II. Polar Lipids of Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria 86(5)

III. Fatty Acid Constituents of Polar Lipids 91(1)

IV. Biosynthesis of Polar Lipids 91(3)

V. Factors Affecting Membrane Lipid Composition 94(2)

VI. The Function of Membrane Lipids in Anoxygenic Photosynthesis 96(1)

VII. Perspectives 97(1)

Acknowledgments 98(1)

References 98(5)

6 The Physical Properties of Thylakoid Membrane Lipids and Their Relation to Photosynthesis 103-118(15)

W. Patrick Williams
Summary 103(1)

I. Phase Behavior of Thylakoid Membrane Lipids 104(5)

II. Lipid-Protein Interactions 109(4)

III. Membrane Fluidity Measurements 113(2)

IV. Concluding Remarks 115(1)

References 115(4)

7 Molecular Organization of Acyl Lipids in Photosynthetic Membranes of Higher Plants 119-144(25)

Paul-Andre Siegenthaler
Summary 120(1)

I. Introduction 120(2)

II. Unique Features of Acyl Lipids in Photosynthetic Membranes 122(2)

III. Asymmetric Distribution and Molecular Organization of Acyl Lipids in Thylakoids 124(9)

IV. Origin of Lipid Heterogeneity in Thylakoids 133(4)

V. Search for a Paradigm of the Thylakoid Membrane Molecular Organization Based on Lipid Topology and Properties 137(2)

Acknowledgments 139(1)

References 139(6)

8 Role of Acyl Lipids in the Function of Photosynthetic Membranes in Higher Plants 145-173(28)

Paul-Andre Siegenthaler

Antoine Tremolieres
Summary 145(1)

I. Introduction 146(1)

II. Methodological Approaches 147(1)

III. Aging of Thylakoids In Vitro and Effects of Free Fatty Acids on Photochemical Reactions 148(3)

IV. Depletion of Thylakoid Acyl Lipids 151(5)

V. Modulation of Thylakoid Membrane Fluidity 156(4)

VI. Immunological Approach 160(1)

VII. Physiological Approach 161(2)

VIII. Role of Lipids in the Mode of Action of Herbicides 163(2)

IX. Functional Studies of Mutants Affected in Lipid Composition 165(2)

Acknowledgments 167(1)

References 168(7)

9 Reconstitution of Photosynthetic Structures and Activities with Lipids 175-189(14)

Antoine Tremolieres

Paul-Andre Siegenthaler
Summary 175(1)

I. Introduction 176(1)

II. In Vitro Approaches to Lipid-Protein Interactions in the Photosynthetic Membrane 176(6)

III. In Vivo Approaches to Lipid-Protein Interactions by Targeting Lipids into Photosynthetic Membranes 182(3)

IV. Conclusions and Perspectives 185(1)

Acknowledgments 186(1)

References 186(5)

10 Lipid-Protein Interactions in Chloroplast Protein Import 191-208(17)

Ben de Kruijff

Rien Pilon

Ron van 't Hof

Rudy Demel
Summary 191(1)

I. Introduction 192(3)

II. Structure and Function of Transit Sequences 195(2)

III. Transit Sequence-Lipid Interactions 197(8)

IV. A Model for Import 205(1)

V. Concluding Remarks 206(1)

Acknowledgments 206(1)

References 206(3)

11 Development of Thylakoid Membranes with Respect to Lipids 209-224(15)

Eva Selstam
Summary 209(1)

I. Introduction 210(1)

II. Lipid Composition and Biosynthesis 210(1)

III. Properties of Chloroplast Lipids 211(3)

IV. Chloroplast Differentiation from Proplastids 214(3)

V. Chloroplast Differentiation from Etioplasts 217(2)

Acknowledgments 219(1)

References 219(6)

12 Triglycerides As Products of Photosynthesis. Genetic Engineering, Fatty Acid Composition and Structure of Triglycerides 225-248(23)

Daniel Facciotti

Vic Knauf
Summary 226(1)

I. Introduction 226(1)

II. Generalities 226(2)

III. The Building Blocks of Triglyceride Synthesis 228(4)

IV. Fatty Acid Synthesis and Fatty Acid Chain Length 232(4)

V. Assemblage of Triglycerides. Acyltransferases and Structured Lipids 236(2)

VI. Fatty Acid Desaturation 238(3)

VII. Present Success and Future Challenges 241(3)

Acknowledgments 244(1)

References 245(4)

13 Genetic Engineering of the Unsaturation of Membrane Glycerolipid: Effects on the Ability of the Photosynthetic Machinery to Tolerate Temperature Stress 249-262(13)

Zoltan Gombos

Norio Murata
Summary 249(1)

I. Introduction 250(2)

II. Genetic Dissection of Fatty-Acid Desaturation in Synechocystis 252(4)

III. Genetic Enhancement of Fatty-Acid Desaturation in Synechococcus 256(1)

IV. Genetic Engineering of Phosphatidylglycerol in Tobacco 257(2)

V. Genetic Engineering of Phosphatidylglycerol in Arabidopsis thaliana 259(1)

VI. Conclusions 259(1)

Acknowledgments 260(1)

References 260(3)

14 A Genetic Approach to Investigating Membrane Lipid Structure and Photosynthetic Function 263-285(22)

Perumal Vijayan

Jean-Marc Routaboul

John Browse
Summary 263(1)

I. Introduction 264(7)

II. Structure and Function of the Photosynthetic Apparatus 271(5)

III. Chilling Sensitivity and Fatty Acid Composition 276(4)

IV. Effects of High Temperature on Photosynthetic and Growth Parameters 280(1)

V. Alteration of Lipid Class Composition (Head Group Mutants) 281(1)

VI. Mutations in Other Lipid Components and Their Effects 282(1)

Acknowledgments 282(1)

References 282(5)

15 Involvement of Chloroplast Lipids in the Reaction of Plants Submitted to Stress 287-302(15)

John L. Harwood
Summary 287(1)

I. What is Stress? 288(1)

II. Environmental Factors that Alter Chloroplast Lipids 288(1)

III. Light 288(3)

IV. Temperature Effects on Photosynthetic Lipids 291(4)

V. Drought 295(1)

VI. Atmospheric Constituents 296(1)

VII. Salt Stress and the Effects of Minerals 297(1)

VIII. Xenobiotics which Affect Chloroplast Lipids 297(2)

Acknowledgments 299(1)

References 299(4)
Index 303