转基因生物安全与管理

Introduction 1
Chapter 1 Molecular Basis of Genetic Engineering 18
1.1 The concept and structure of gene 18
1.2 DNA replication 20
1.3 DNA transcription and its regulation 23
1.4 Post-transcription processing and regulation of RNA 24
1.5 Protein expression and its regulation 28
1.6 Restriction endonuclease 30
Chapter 2 Principles and Applications of Genetic Engineering 32
2.1 Important events in the history of the development of recombination DNA 32
2.2 Isolation of target genes 34
2.3 Recombinant 35
2.4 Vectors for genetic engineering 37
2.5 Plant transformation methods 39
2.6 Methods of developing transgenic animals 42
2.7 General process of GMO research and development 44
Chapter 3 Development of Transgenic Biotechnology 45
3.1 Development of transgenic plants 45
3.2 Studies of transgenic animals 49
3.3 The researches on genetically modi. ed microbes 63
3.4 Genetic engineering vaccine 70
Chapter 4 Potential Health Risks from Genetically Modi. ed Organisms … 76
4.1 Commercial production status of genetically modi. ed food 77
4.2 The exposure of DNA 79
4.3 Potential risks of GM food to health 82
4.4 The scheme of risk assessment of genetically modi. ed food 87
Chapter 5 The Potential Ecological Risk of Genetically Modi. ed Organisms … 90
5.1 Impact of GMOs on the ecological environment 90
5.2 Horizontal gene .ow – biosafety concern for recombinant DNA 95
5.3 Vertical gene .ow - theoretical foundation of alien gene escape 98
Chapter 6 Risk Assessment of GMO: Methods and Cases 110
6.1 Principle and methods of genetically modi.ed organisms risk assessment 110
6.2 Risk assessment of the genetically modi. ed crops 113
6.3 Risk assessment of the genetically modi.ed food crops 121
6.4 Risk assessment of the genetically modi. ed forests 126
6.5 Risk assessment of the genetically modi. ed microorganism 128
Chapter 7 Risk Management for GMOs 129
7.1 The de.nition, goals and requirements of risk management 129
7.2 The theoretic foundation on GMOs risk management—Scienti. c Uncertainty 130
7.3 Principle of risk management——Precautionary principle 133
7.4 Practice of GMOs management——take EU as an example 139
Chapter 8 Detection and Monitoring of Transgenes 143
8.1 The signi.cance and necessity of detection and monitoring of transgenes 143
8.2 Detective methods of transgenes 144
8.3 Immunology analysis of the proteins in GMOs 153
8.4 The detection method of transgenic microorganisms 155
8.5 The uniform standards of the GMO detection experiment 156
8.6 Environment monitoring of GMOs 158
Chapter 9 Biosafety International Law: Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety … 165
9.1 The background of the Protocol 166
9.2 The basic principles of biosafety protocol 169
9.3 Main contents of biosafety protocol 173
9.4 The negotiation progress after Biosafety Protocol 181
Chapter 10 Biosafety Legislations in Some Countries 192
10.1 Biosafety legislation in European Union 192
10.2 Biosafety legislation in the United States 198
10.3 Biosafety legislation in Japan 201
10.4 Biosafety legislation in India 206
10.5 Biosafety legislation in Brazil 211
10.6 Biosafety legislation in Australia 214
Chapter 11 Framework of China’s Biosafety Policies, Regulations and System … 217
11.1 Policy framework of biosafety in China 217
11.2 Current laws and regulations on GMO biosafety in China 224
11.3 Management system and implementation procedures of GMOs 244
Chapter 12 Transboundary Movements and Labeling of Living Modi.ed Organisms (LMOs) 254
12.1 Main contents of transboundary movements of LMOs 255
12.2 Negotiation process of transboundary movements of LMOs in the Protocol 257
12.3 Labeling requirements of LMOs and international tendency 264
12.4 Labeling of GMO in China 271
Chapter 13 Damage Liability and Redress in Biosafety Law 279
13.1 Principles and mechanisms of international environmental damages legislation … 279
13.2 International negotiations on biosafety damage liability and redress 281
13.3 Proposed principles of international biosafety damages legislation 286
13.4 Proposed mechanisms in international biosafety damages legislation 288
13.5 Biosafety damages legislation of some countries and regions 291
13.6 China’s legislation on biosafety damages and its impacts 293
Chapter 14 Socio-Economic Impacts of GMOs 298
14.1 Attention by the international society to the socio-economic impacts of GM crops … 298
14.2 Types of social—economic impact of GMOs 304
14.3 Relationship between Biosafety Protocol and TWO 311
14.4 Possible Impact of Safety Management on the International Trade 317
Chapter 15 Emergency Management for Biosafety 329
15.1 Theoretical analysis 329
15.2 International law and the management of GMOs 331
15.3 National laws 335
15.4 Emergency management of GMOs safety in China 338
15.5 Improvement of emergency management of GMOs safety in China 340
Chapter 16 Public Education and Participation on Biosafety 346
16.1 Requirements of international environmental laws and regulations 347
16.2 Status quo of public awareness on GMO biosafety 351
16.3 National laws and regulations and requirements of public participation 362
16.4 Barriers and demands of public participation of biosafety in China 365
16.5 Establish mechanism of public participation in biosafety 368
References 374