简介
Why do people sometimes leave off the ends of words when they speak? Is it sloppiness, progress, or inevitable erosion? This book attempts to answer such questions by giving a lucid and up-to-date overview of language change. It discusses where our evidence about language change comes from, how and why changes happen, and how and why languages begin and end. It considers not only changes which occurred many years ago, but also those currently in progress. It does this within the framework of one central question - is language change a symptom of progress or decay? It concludes that language is neither progressing nor decaying, but that an understanding of the factors causing change is essential for anyone involved with language alteration. For this substantially revised and enlarged second edition Jean Aitchison has included details of recent research on a number of key topics, and also discusses data from a wider variety of languages: but the work remains non-technical in style and accessible to the reader with no previous knowledge of linguistics.
目录
Preface p. ix
Preliminaries p. 1
The Inevitability of Change p. 3
Piecing Together the Evidence p. 19
Studying Changes in Progress p. 37
Transition p. 53
From Person to Person p. 55
Opposing Social Pressures p. 68
How Sound Changes Spread Through a Language p. 84
How Syntactic Changes Work Through a Language p. 98
Grammaticalization p. 112
Change of Meaning p. 120
Causation p. 131
Sociolinguistic Causes of Change p. 133
Inherent Causes of Language Change p. 153
Therapeutic Changes p. 169
Chain Reaction Changes p. 183
Beginings and Endings p. 199
Child Language and Language Disorders p. 201
How Languages Begin p. 217
How Languages End p. 235
Assessing the Situation p. 249
Symbols and Technical Terms p. 261
Notes and Suggestions for Further Reading p. 263
References p. 281
Acknowledgments p. 304
Index p. 305
Preliminaries p. 1
The Inevitability of Change p. 3
Piecing Together the Evidence p. 19
Studying Changes in Progress p. 37
Transition p. 53
From Person to Person p. 55
Opposing Social Pressures p. 68
How Sound Changes Spread Through a Language p. 84
How Syntactic Changes Work Through a Language p. 98
Grammaticalization p. 112
Change of Meaning p. 120
Causation p. 131
Sociolinguistic Causes of Change p. 133
Inherent Causes of Language Change p. 153
Therapeutic Changes p. 169
Chain Reaction Changes p. 183
Beginings and Endings p. 199
Child Language and Language Disorders p. 201
How Languages Begin p. 217
How Languages End p. 235
Assessing the Situation p. 249
Symbols and Technical Terms p. 261
Notes and Suggestions for Further Reading p. 263
References p. 281
Acknowledgments p. 304
Index p. 305
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