Architectural drafting & design / 4th ed.

Preface p. xi
Acknowledgments p. xvii
Introduction to Architectural Drafting p. 1
Professional Architectural Careers, Office Practice, and Opportunities p. 2
Drafter p. 2
Designer p. 3
Architect p. 4
Engineer p. 5
Related Fields p. 6
Design Basics p. 7
Architectural Drafting Equipment p. 28
Drafting Supplies p. 28
Drafting Furniture p. 28
Drafting Pencils and Leads p. 29
Technical Pens and Accessories p. 29
Eraser and Accessories p. 30
Drafting Instruments p. 31
Drafting Machines p. 34
Scales p. 37
Protractors p. 39
Drafting Media and Reproduction Methods p. 44
Papers and Films p. 44
Sheet Sizes, Title Blocks, and Borders p. 45
How to Fold Prints p. 46
Diazo Reproduction p. 48
Photocopy Reproduction p. 50
Microfilm p. 50
Sketching and Orthographic Projection p. 53
Tools and Materials p. 53
Sketching Straight Lines p. 53
Sketching Circular Lines p. 54
Measurement Lines and Proportions p. 55
Multiview Sketches p. 58
Isometric Sketches p. 59
Orthographic Projection p. 61
Multiview Projection p. 61
Projection of Features from an Inclined Plane p. 64
Architectural Lines and Lettering p. 69
Types of Lines p. 69
Line Techniques p. 73
Lettering p. 77
Computer-Aided Design and Drafting in Architecture p. 87
Terminology of Computer-Aided Design and Drafting p. 87
Designing p. 88
The CADD Workstation p. 90
Mobile Computers p. 96
Ergonomics p. 96
Architectural CADD Symbols p. 99
Drawing on CADD Layers p. 102
Web-Based Architectural Collaboration p. 106
Residential Design p. 109
Building Codes and Interior Design p. 110
National Codes p. 110
International Building Code p. 110
Choosing the Right Code p. 112
Basic Design Criteria for Building Planning p. 112
Climatic and Geographic Design Criteria p. 123
Room Relationships and Sizes p. 125
The Floor Plan p. 125
Living Area p. 125
Sleeping Area p. 135
Service Area p. 137
Traffic Patterns p. 147
Providing Universal Accessibility p. 151
Exterior Design Factors p. 155
Site Considerations p. 155
Elements of Design p. 156
Principles of Design p. 159
Floor Plan Styles p. 160
Exterior Styles p. 162
Conservation and Environmental Design and Construction p. 170
Energy-Efficient Design p. 170
Energy Codes p. 170
Energy-Efficient Construction p. 171
Solar Energy Design p. 175
Hydroelectric Power p. 184
Healthy Architectural Design and Construction p. 184
Site Orientation p. 188
Terrain Orientation p. 188
View Orientation p. 188
Solar Orientation p. 190
Wind Orientation p. 192
Sound Orientation p. 194
Site Plan p. 197
Legal Descriptions and Site Plan Requirements p. 198
Legal Descriptions p. 198
Site Plan Requirements p. 202
Site Plans p. 204
Grading Plan p. 206
Subdivision Plans p. 209
Planned Unit Development p. 211
Site Plan Layout p. 214
Site Design Considerations p. 215
Property Lines p. 216
Site Plan Drawing Checklist p. 218
Drawing Contour Lines p. 218
Drawing the Grading Plan p. 221
Floor Plan p. 235
Floor-Plan Symbols p. 236
Wall Symbols p. 236
Door Symbols p. 243
Window Symbols p. 245
Schedules p. 247
Cabinets, Fixtures, and Appliances p. 250
Commons Sizes of Architectural Features p. 255
Floor-Plan Materials p. 257
Stairs p. 259
Hallways p. 264
Fireplaces p. 264
Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances p. 267
Room Titles p. 268
Other Floor-Plan Symbols p. 268
Floor-Plan Dimensions and Notes p. 277
Aligned Dimensions p. 277
Floor-Plan Dimensions p. 277
Common Sizes of Architectural Features p. 280
Dimensioning Floor-Plan Features p. 282
Notes and Specifications p. 284
Using Metric p. 285
Floor-Plan Layout p. 292
Layout Out a Floor Plan p. 292
Second-Floor Plan Layout p. 301
Basement-Plan Layout p. 301
Floor-Plan Drawing Checklist p. 304
Supplemental Floor Plan Drawings p. 333
Electrical Plans p. 334
Electrical Terms and Definitions p. 334
Electrical Circuit Design p. 335
Energy Conservation p. 336
Home Automation p. 336
Electrical Design Considerations p. 337
Universal Electrical Installations p. 338
Electrical Symbols p. 339
Electrical Wiring Specifications p. 339
Metrics in Electrical Installations p. 341
Steps in Drawing the Electrical Plan p. 341
Electrical Plan Drawing Checklist p. 346
Plumbing Plans p. 354
Plumbing Terms and Definitions p. 354
Sizing of Plumbing Piping p. 356
Energy Conservation p. 356
Universal Plumbing Installations p. 357
Plumbing Schedules p. 358
Plumbing Drawings p. 358
Water Systems p. 358
Drainage and Vent Systems p. 361
Isometric Plumbing Drawings p. 361
Solar Hot Water p. 363
Sewage Disposal p. 364
Metrics in Plumbing p. 365
Adding Plumbing Information to the Floor Plan p. 366
Commercial Plumbing Drawings p. 366
Plumbing Plan Drawing Checklist p. 367
Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning p. 374
The Boca National Energy Conservation Code Requirements p. 374
Central Forced-Air Systems p. 375
Hot Water Systems p. 378
Heat Pump Systems p. 378
Zone Control Systems p. 379
Radiant Heat p. 380
Thermostats p. 380
Heat Recovery and Ventilation p. 380
Central Vacuum Systems p. 382
HVAC Symbols p. 382
Universal HVAC Design p. 384
Thermal Calculations for Heating/Cooling p. 385
HVAC Drawings p. 392
Roof Plans p. 409
Roof Plan Components p. 410
Types of Roof Plans p. 410
Roof Pitches p. 411
Roof Shapes p. 412
Roofing Materials p. 421
Roof Ventilation and Access p. 424
Roof Plan Layout p. 426
Roof Shape p. 426
Structural Material p. 430
Nonstructural Material p. 430
Dimensions p. 432
Notes p. 432
Drawing Gable Roof Plans p. 432
Drawing Hip Roof Plans p. 433
Drawing Dutch Hip Roof Plans p. 435
Elevations p. 439
Introduction to Elevations p. 440
Required Elevations p. 440
Types of Elevations p. 442
Elevation Scales p. 444
Elevation Placement p. 444
Surface Materials in Elevation p. 445
CADD Elevation Symbols p. 457
Evaluation Layout and Drawing Techniques p. 460
Layout p. 460
Drawing Finished-Quality Lines p. 464
Lettering p. 465
Alternative Elevations p. 466
Drawing Roof Intersections p. 467
Drawing Irregular Shapes p. 469
Projecting Grades p. 469
Millwork and Cabinet Technology, Cabinet Elevations, and Layout p. 474
Types of Millwork p. 474
Cabinets p. 478
Cabinet Elevations and Layout p. 482
Framing Methods and Plans p. 497
Framing Methods p. 498
Balloon Framing p. 498
Platform Framing p. 499
Post-and-Beam Framing p. 502
Timber Construction p. 504
Steel Framing p. 505
Concrete Masonry Construction p. 505
Solid Masonry Construction p. 507
Masonry Veneer p. 509
Insulated Concrete Form Construction p. 509
Modular Framing Methods p. 510
Structural Components p. 513
Floor Construction p. 513
Framed Wall Construction p. 523
Roof Construction p. 527
Metal Hangers p. 536
Environmentally Friendly Design and Construction p. 538
Design Criteria for Structural Loading p. 543
Types of Loads p. 543
Load Design p. 546
Load Distribution p. 547
Sizing Joists and Rafters Using Span Tables p. 551
Determining Wood Characteristics p. 551
Determining Size and Span p. 551
Working with Engineered Lumber p. 558
Determining Simple Beams p. 565
Loading and Support Patterns of Beams p. 565
Structural Lumber p. 565
Loading Reactions of Wood Members p. 568
Methods of Beam Design p. 569
Notations for Formulas p. 571
Sizing Wood Beams p. 571
Review p. 577
Wood Adjustment Factors p. 578
Span Tables p. 579
Simple Beam with a Load Concentrated at the Center p. 586
Simple Beam with a Load Concentrated at Any Point p. 587
Cantilevered Beam with a Uniform Load p. 587
Cantilevered Beam with a Point Load at the Free End p. 587
Drawing Framing Plans p. 592
Framing Plans p. 592
Completing a Framing Plan p. 607
Roof Framing Plans p. 608
Floor Framing Plans p. 614
Foundation Plans p. 625
Foundation Systems p. 626
Soil Considerations p. 626
Types of Foundations p. 629
Dimensioning Foundation Components p. 650
Floor Systems and Foundation Support p. 654
On-Grade Foundations p. 654
Crawl Space Floor Systems p. 664
Foundation Plan Layout p. 677
Concrete Slab Foundation Layout p. 677
Foundation Plan with Joist Construction p. 681
Standard Foundation with Post-and-Beam Floor System p. 685
Combination Slab and Crawl Space Plans for a Partial Basement p. 687
Full Basement p. 693
Wall Sections and Details p. 699
Sectioning Basics p. 700
Types of Sections p. 700
Scale p. 702
Section Alignment p. 704
Section Layout p. 707
Evaluate Needs p. 707
Lay Out the Section p. 707
Finished-Quality Lines--Structural Members Only p. 709
Drawing Finishing Materials p. 713
Dimensioning p. 713
Lettering Notes p. 714
Evaluate Your Work p. 716
Alternative Layout Techniques p. 719
Floor Joist/Foundation p. 719
Post-and-Beam Foundations p. 722
Basement with Concrete Slab p. 724
Conventional (Stick) Roof Framing p. 729
Garage/Residence Section p. 735
Stair Construction and Layout p. 739
Stair Terminology p. 739
Determining Rise and Run p. 739
Straight Stair Layout p. 741
Open Stairway Layout p. 744
U-Shaped Stairs p. 746
Exterior Stairs p. 747
Fireplace Construction and Layout p. 751
Fireplace Terms p. 751
Goals of Energy-Efficient Fireplaces p. 756
Chimney Reinforcements p. 757
Drawing the Fireplace Section p. 758
Fireplace Elevations p. 760
Architectural Rendering p. 765
Presentation Drawings p. 766
Types of Presentation Drawings p. 766
Methods of Presentation p. 768
Rendering Procedure for Drawing p. 771
Perspective Drawing Techniques p. 781
Types of Perspective Drawings p. 781
Perspective Terms p. 782
Two-Point Perspective p. 788
One-Point Perspective p. 790
Rendering Methods for Persepective Drawings p. 797
Presenting Depth p. 797
Shadows p. 797
Reflections p. 800
Texture p. 801
Entourage p. 802
Planning the Drawing p. 804
Two-Point Perspective Rendering p. 804
One-Point Perspective Rendering p. 805
General Construction Specifications p. 809
Construction Specifications p. 810
Specifications for Commercial Construction p. 810
Construction Documents p. 811
Construction Supervision Procedures p. 813
Loan Applications p. 813
Individual Appraisal Requirements p. 813
Master Appraisal Requirements p. 814
Change Orders p. 814
Building Permits p. 814
Contracts p. 814
Completion Notice p. 815
Bids p. 815
Construction Inspections p. 815
Commercial Drafting p. 819
Building Codes and Commercial Design p. 820
Exploring Building Codes p. 820
Determining Design Categories p. 820
Using the Codes p. 833
Common Commercial Construction Materials p. 835
Wood p. 835
Concrete Block p. 839
Poured Concrete p. 844
Steel Construction p. 850
Common Connection Methods p. 855
Commercial Construction Project Drawings p. 866
Office Practice p. 866
Types of Drawings p. 866
Structural Drafting p. 890
Plan the Drawing p. 890
Procedure-From Calculations to Working Drawings p. 890
Detail Coordination p. 891
Lettering p. 891
Order of Precedence p. 891
Occupancy p. 891
Appendix A p. 910
Appendix B p. 912
Appendix C p. 913
Abbreviations p. 919
Glossary p. 925
Index p. 937