Design of steel structures /

Table Of Contents:
Foreword v
Preface viii
Acknowledgements xii

List of Symbols xviii

Materials, Structures, and Specifications 1(81)

Introduction 1(2)

Historical Development 3(2)

Processes Used for Iron and steel Making 5(6)

Iron and Steel in India 11(2)

Metallurgy of Steel 13(5)

Alloying Elements in Steel 18(2)

Chemical Composition of Steel 20(1)

Types of Structural Steel 21(1)

Mechanical Properties of Steel 22(18)

Residual Stresses 40(3)

Stress Concentration 43(1)

Cold Work and Strain Hardnening 43(1)

Structural Steel Products 44(10)

Cold-formed Steel Sections 54(2)

High-performance Steel 56(2)

Stainless Steel 58(5)

Advantages of Steel as a Structural Material 63(3)

Types of Steel Structures 66(6)

Aluminium Alloys 72(2)

Fabrication and Erection 74(2)

Aesthetics of Steel Structures 76(2)

Composite Construction 78(1)

Summary 79(1)

Review Questions 80(2)

The Basis of Structural Design 82(49)

Design Considerations 82(1)

Steps Involved in Construction 83(2)

Role and Responsibilities of the Designer 85(3)

Structural Systems 88(16)

Structural Integrity 104(1)

Analysis and Design 105(1)

Codes and Specifications 106(2)

Design Philosophies 108(8)

Limit States Method (LSM) 116(10)

Failure Criteria for Steel 126(2)

Summary 128(2)

Review Questions 130(1)

Loading and Load Combinations 131(136)

Introduction 131(1)

Characteristic Actions (Loads) 132(3)

Dead Loads 135(3)

Imposed Loads 138(11)

Temperature Effects 149(3)

Hydrostatic and Soil Pressure 152(1)

Erection Loads 153(1)

Accidental Loads 153(1)

Other Loads 154(1)

Natural Hazards 155(2)

Extreme Winds 157(13)

Earthquakes 170(23)

Determination of Earthquake Forces 193(16)

Determination of Wind Loads as per IS: 875 (Part 3) 209(22)

Pattern Loading 231(3)

Load Combinations 234(4)

Examples 238(22)

Summary 260(1)

Exercise 261(3)

Review questions 264(3)

Methods of Structural Analysis 267(57)

introduction 267(2)

Methods of Analysis 269(1)

Elastic Analysis 270(14)

Buckling (Critical Load) Analysis 284(4)

Sources of Non-linearity 288(3)

Joint and Connection Effects 291(17)

First-Order Plastic Analysis 308(1)

Second-Order Inelastic Analyses 309(10)

Practical Out-of-Plane Advanced Analysis 319(1)

Summary 320(1)

Exercises 321(1)

Review Questions 321(3)

Bolted Connections 324(113)

Introduction 324(4)

Rivets and Riveted Connections 328(1)

Bolted Connections 329(13)

Behaviour of Bolted Joints 342(3)

Design Strength of Ordinary Black Bolts 345(9)

Design Strength of High Strength Friction Grip Bolts 354(6)

Pin Connections 360(2)

Simple Connections 362(12)

Moment Resistant Connections 374(14)

Beam-to-Beam Connections 388(2)

Beam and Column Splices 390(3)

Semi-Rigid Connections 393(2)

Fatigue Behaviour 395(1)

Examples 395(36)

Summary 431(1)

Exercises 431(2)

Review Questions 433(4)

Welded Connections 437(117)

Introduction 437(1)

Welding Processes 438(10)

Welding Electrodes 448(1)

Advantages of Welding 448(3)

Types and Properties of Welds 451(10)

Types of Joints 461(4)

Control of Shrinkage and Distortion 465(2)

Weld Symbols 467(2)

Weld Specifications 469(4)

Effective Areas of Welds 473(5)

Design of Welds 478(5)

Simple Joints 483(7)

Moment Resistant Connections 490(10)

Continuous Beam-to-Column Connections 500(8)

Continuous Beam-to-Beam Connections 508(1)

Beam-Column Splices 508(2)

Tubular Connections 510(4)

Recent Developments in connection Design 514(4)

Application of Adhesives 518(2)

Examples 520(28)

Summary 548(1)

Exercises 548(3)

Review Questions 551(3)

Design of Tension Members 554(54)

Introduction 554(1)

Types of Tension Members 555(4)

Design of Strands 559(1)

Slenderness Ratio 560(1)

Displacement of Tension Members 560(1)

Behaviour of Tension Members 561(1)

Modes of Failure 562(4)

Factors Affecting the Strength of Tension Members 566(6)

Angles Under Tension 572(6)

Other Sections 578(1)

Tension Rods 579(1)

Design of a Tension Member 580(1)

Lug Angles 581(2)

Splices 583(1)

Gussets 583(2)

Fatigue Effects 585(1)

Examples 585(17)

Summary 602(1)

Exercises 602(4)

Review Questions 606(2)

Plastic and Local Buckling Behaviour of Structural Steel 608(75)

Introduction 608(1)

Plastic Theory 609(4)

General Requirements for Plastic Design 613(3)

Plastic Hinge Concept 616(1)

Plastic-collapse Load 617(1)

Conditions of Plastic Analysis 618(1)

Theorems of Plastic Collapse 619(1)

Methods of Plastic Analysis 620(1)

Plastic Design of Continuous Beams 621(1)

Plastic Design of Portal Frames 622(2)

Effect of Axial and Shear Force on Plastic Moment Capacity 624(7)

Special Considerations 631(4)

Local Buckling of Plates 635(10)

Cross Section Classification 645(5)

Behaviour and Ultimate Strength of Plates 650(3)

Examples 653(22)

Summary 675(1)

Exercises 676(5)

Review Questions 681(2)

Design of Compression Members 683(124)

Introduction 683(2)

Construction Details 685(3)

Possible Failure Modes 688(1)

Classification of Cross Section 689(1)

Behaviour of Compression Members 690(2)

Elastic Buckling of Slender Compression Members 692(3)

Behaviour of Real Compression Members 695(10)

Development of Multiple Column Curves 705(6)

Sections used for Compression Members 711(5)

Effective Length of Compression Members 716(22)

Flexural-Torsional Buckling 738(2)

Columns with No Axis of Symmetry 740(1)

Prevention of Buckling Failure 740(2)

Single Angle Struts 742(2)

Design of Compression Members 744(2)

Built-up Compression Members 746(7)

Compression Members Composed of Two Components Back-to-back 753(1)

Column Bases and Caps 754(5)

Compression Members with Other Materials and Shapes 759(5)

Displacement 764(1)

Examples 764(34)

Summary 798(2)

Exercises 800(3)

Review Questions 803(4)

Design of Beams 807(122)

Introduction 807(3)

Beam Types 810(1)

Section Classification 811(1)

Lateral Stability of Beams 811(3)

Lateral Torsional Buckling of Symmetric Sections 814(3)

Factors Affecting Lateral Stability 817(13)

Buckling of Real Beams 830(3)

Behaviour of Beams in Bending 833(5)

Design Strength of Laterally Supported Beams in Bending 838(3)

Design Strength of Laterally Unsupported Beams 841(14)

Shear Strength of Steel Beams 855(3)

Maximum Deflection 858(2)

Web Buckling and Web Crippling 860(3)

Holes in Beams 863(2)

Latticed Beams 865(1)

Castellated Beams 866(3)

Lintels 869(1)

Purlins 869(6)

Biaxial Bending 875(2)

Unsymmetrical Bending 877(2)

Unsymmetrical Sections 879(1)

Design of Beams 879(1)

Examples 880(41)

Summary 921(2)

Exercises 923(5)

Review Questions 928(1)

Design of Plate Girders 929(87)

Introduction 929(1)

Plate Girders 930(7)

General Considerations 937(1)

Distribution of Stress in a Plate Girder 938(2)

Preliminary Design Procedure 940(4)

Web Panel Subjected to Shear 944(14)

Webs Subjected to Combined Bending and Shear 958(8)

Design of Plate Girders using IS 800 Provisions 966(7)

Behaviour of Longitudinally Stiffened Plate Girders 973(2)

Girders with Openings in Slender Webs 975(1)

Hybrid Plate Girders 976(1)

Welding of Girder Components 977(1)

Proportioning of the Section 977(3)

Plate Girders With Corrugated Webs 980(3)

Box Girders 983(1)

Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSW) 984(4)

Examples 988(21)

Summary 1009(1)

Exercises 1010(3)

Review Questions 1013(3)

Gantry Girders 1016(38)

Introduction 1016(3)

Loading Considerations 1019(4)

Maximum Load Effects 1023(2)

Fatigue Effects 1025(1)

Selection of Gantry Girder 1026(11)

Design of Gantry Girder 1037(1)

Examples 1038(12)

Summary 1050(1)

Exercises 1051(1)

Review Questions 1052(2)

Design of Beam-columns 1054(75)

Introduction 1054(4)

General Behaviour of Beam-columns 1058(3)

Second-order Moments in Beam-columns 1061(6)

Elastic Torsional Buckling of Beam-columns 1067(1)

Interaction between Beam-column and structure 1068(2)

Nominal Strength---Instability in the Plane of Bending 1070(4)

Beam-column under Biaxial Loading 1074(2)

Interaction Equations for Local Capacity Check 1076(1)

Code Design Procedures 1077(4)

Design of Beam-columns 1081(2)

Beam-columns Subjected to Tension and Bending 1083(1)

Crane Columns 1084(2)

Design of Eccentrically Loaded Base Plates 1086(12)

Examples 1098(25)

Summary 1123(2)

Exercises 1125(1)

Review Questions 1126(3)

Design of Industrial Buildings 1129

Introduction 1129(1)

Selection of Roofing and Wall Material 1130(8)

Selection of Bay Width 1138(1)

Structural Framing 1139(8)

Purlins, Girts, and Eave Strut 1147(1)

Plane Trusses 1148(23)

Floor Plates 1171(1)

End Bearings 1172(1)

Design of Slabs on Grade 1173(1)

Examples 1173(20)

Summary 1193(2)

Review Questions 1195(1)

Exercises 1196

Additional Topics in CD

Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures

Introduction

Corrosion of Steel

Corrosion-protection Methods

Atmospheric-Corrosion-Resistant Steels

Corrosion Allowance

Summary

Review Questions

Fire-resistant Design

Introduction

Fire Research

Design Curves and Fire Modesl

Fire Engineering Design Problems

Fire Engineering Design of Steel Structures

Calculation Approach

Calculation of Temperature Rise in Steel Members

Mechanical Properties of Steel at Elevated Temperatures

Time to Reach Limiting Temperature

Passive Protection for Steelwork

Fire-resistant Steels

Fire Performance Assessment

Examples

Summary

Exercises

Review Questions

Fatigue-resistant Design

Introduction

Factors Affecting Fatigue Life

Different Approaches to Fatigue Analysis

Fatigue Loading

Stress Methods

Fatigue Assessment for Variable Stress Ranges

General Guidelines for Fatigueresistant Design

Fatigue Assessment Under Combined Stresses

Fatigue Analysis of Building Frames

Examples

Summary

Exercises

Review Questions

Design for Torsion

Introduction

Torsional Loading in Practice

Behaviour of Members Due to Torsion

Shear Centre

Approximate Design Procedure for Torsion

Distortion of Thin Walled Members

Torsional Stiffening and End Restraints

Torsional Buckling

Torsional Deformations

Examples

Summary

Exercises

Review Questions

Appendices

A. Properties of Structural Steel Sections 1(1)

B. Loads Due to Tsunami 1(1)

C. Properties of Soils 1(1)

D. Bending Moment, Shear Force, and Deflection of Beams and Frames 1(1)

E. Computer Programs 1(1)

F. Conversion Factors 1(1)
References 1(1197)
Suggested Reading 1198(3)
Index 1201