Table Of Contents:

SECTION 1 Introduction to Drug Therapy 1(70)

Introduction to Pharmacology 2(7)

A Message to Students 2(1)

Overview 2(1)

Sources of Drugs 3(1)

Drug Classifications and Prototypes 3(1)

Drug Names 3(1)

Drug Marketing 3(1)

Pharmacoeconomics 4(1)

Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs 4(1)

Drug Approval Processes 4(3)

Sources of Drug Information 7(1)

Strategies for Studying Pharmacology 7(2)

Basic Concepts and Processes 9(20)

Overview 9(1)

Cellular Physiology 9(1)

Drug Transport Through Cell Membranes 10(1)

Pharmacokinetics 10(5)

Pharmacodynamics 15(2)

Variables That Affect Drug Actions 17(3)

Tolerance and Cross-Tolerance 20(1)

Adverse Effects of Drugs 20(9)

Administering Medications 29(18)

Overview 29(1)

General Principles of Accurate Drug Administration 29(1)

Legal Responsibilities 30(1)

Medication Errors 30(1)

Medication Systems 31(1)

Medication Orders 31(1)

Drug Preparations and Dosage Forms 32(2)

Calculating Drug Dosages 34(1)

Routes of Administration 35(12)

Nursing Process in Drug Therapy 47(24)

Overview 47(1)

Nursing Process in Drug Therapy 48(3)

Integrating Nursing Process, Critical Paths and Drug Therapy 51(8)

General Principles of Drug Therapy 59(12)

SECTION 2 Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System 71(189)

Physiology of the Central Nervous System 72(7)

Characteristics and Functions of the Central Nervous System 72(5)

Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System 77(2)

Opioid Analgesics and Opioid Antagonists 79(20)

Overview 79(1)

Pain 79(1)

Endogenous Analgesia System 80(1)

Opioid Analgesics 80(2)

Individual Drugs 82(7)

Principles of Therapy 89(10)

Analgesic---Antipyretic---Anti-inflammatory and Related Drugs 99(25)

Overview 99(1)

Pain, Fever, and Inflammation 100(1)

Mechanism of Action 100(2)

Indications for Use 102(1)

Contraindications to Use 103(1)

Subgroups and Individual Drugs 104(10)

Principles of Therapy 114(10)

Antianxiety and Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs 124(20)

Overview 124(1)

Anxiety 125(1)

Sleep and Insomnia 125(1)

Drugs Used to Treat Anxiety and Insomnia 126(8)

Principles of Therapy 134(10)

Antipsychotic Drugs 144(19)

Psychosis 144(1)

Schizophrenia 145(1)

Antipsychotic Drugs 145(7)

Principles of Therapy 152(11)

Drugs for Mood Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers 163(19)

Mood Disorders 163(2)

Antidepressant Drugs 165(1)

Types of Antidepressants and Individual Drugs 166(5)

Principles of Therapy 171(11)

Antiseizure Drugs 182(20)

Seizure Disorders 182(1)

Antiseizure Drugs 183(1)

Individual Antiseizure Drugs 184(9)

Principles of Therapy 193(9)

Antiparkinson Drugs 202(11)

Parkinson's Disease 202(1)

Antiparkinson Drugs 202(1)

Individual Antiparkinson Drugs 203(4)

Principles of Therapy 207(6)

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 213(7)

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 213(1)

Individual Drugs 214(3)

Principles of Therapy 217(3)

Anesthetics 220(16)

General Anesthesia 220(1)

Regional Anesthesia 221(1)

Adjuncts to Anesthesia 221(1)

Individual Anesthetic Agents 222(1)

Principles of Therapy 222(14)

Substance Abuse Disorders 236(15)

Substance Abuse 236(1)

Dependence 236(1)

Central Nervous System Depressants 237(6)

Central Nervous System Stimulants 243(6)

Principles of Therapy 249(2)

Central Nervous System Stimulants 251(9)

Uses 251(1)

Types of Stimulants 252(1)

Individual Central Nervous System Stimulants 252(3)

Principles of Therapy 255(5)

SECTION 3 Drugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System 260(60)

Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System 261(7)

Autonomic Nervous System 261(5)

Characteristics of Autonomic Drugs 266(2)

Adrenergic Drugs 268(15)

Description 268(4)

Individual Adrenergic Drugs 272(3)

Principles of Therapy 275(8)

Antiadrenergic Drugs 283(15)

Description 283(2)

Individual Antiadrenergic Drugs 285(5)

Principles of Therapy 290(8)

Cholinergic Drugs 298(10)

Description 298(1)

Individual Cholinergic Drugs 299(4)

Principles of Therapy 303(5)

Anticholinergic Drugs 308(12)

Description 308(2)

Individual Anticholinergic Drugs 310(4)

Principles of Therapy 314(6)

SECTION 4 Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System 320(113)

Physiology of the Endocrine System 321(4)

Overview 321(1)

Endocrine System-Nervous System Interactions 321(1)

General Characteristics of Hormones 322(2)

General Characteristics of Hormonal Drugs 324(1)

Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones 325(9)

Overview 325(2)

Therapeutic Limitations 327(1)

Individual Hormonal Agents 328(3)

Principles of Therapy 331(3)

Corticosteroids 334(19)

Overview 334(1)

Endogenous Corticosteroids 334(3)

Exogenous Corticosteroids (Glucocorticoid Drugs) 337(6)

Principles of Therapy 343(10)

Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs 353(13)

Overview 353(1)

Thyroid Disorders 354(2)

Individual Drugs 356(4)

Principles of Therapy 360(6)

Hormones That Regulate Calcium and Bone Metabolism 366(16)

Overview 366(2)

Drugs Used for Calcium and Bone Disorders 368(7)

Principles of Therapy 375(7)

Antidiabetic Drugs 382(27)

Overview 382(1)

Endogenous Insulin 382(2)

Diabetes Mellitus 384(1)

Hypoglycemic Drugs 385(9)

Principles of Therapy 394(15)

Estrogens, Progestins, and Hormonal Contraceptives 409(16)

Overview 409(1)

Estrogens 410(1)

Progesterone 410(1)

Estrogens and Progestins Used as Drugs 411(2)

Individual Estrogens, Progestins, and Combination Products 413(5)

Principles of Therapy 418(7)

Androgens and Anabolic Steroids 425(8)

Overview 425(1)

Testosterone 425(1)

Anabolic Steroids 426(1)

Abuse of Androgenic and Anabolic Steroid Drugs 426(1)

Androgens and Anabolic Steroids Used As Drugs 427(2)

Principles of Therapy 429(4)

SECTION 5 Nutrients, Fluids, and Electrolytes 433(60)

Nutritional Support Products and Drugs for Obesity 434(19)

Overview 434(1)

Nutritional Deficiency States 434(1)

Nutritional Products 435(1)

Pancreatic Enzymes 435(1)

Obesity 436(6)

Principles of Therapy 442(11)

Vitamins 453(16)

Overview 453(1)

Description and Uses 454(1)

Vitamin Supplements 454(6)

Principles of Therapy 460(9)

Minerals and Electrolytes 469(24)

Overview 469(1)

Minerals as Nutrients 470(1)

Individual Agents Used In Mineral-Electrolyte Imbalances 470(13)

Principles of Therapy 483(10)

SECTION 6 Drugs Used to Treat Infections 493(134)

General Characteristics of Antimicrobial Drugs 494(16)

Overview 494(1)

Microorganisms and Infections 494(5)

Host Defense Mechanisms 499(1)

Characteristics of Anti-Infective Drugs 500(2)

Principles of Therapy 502(8)

Beta-Lactam Antibacterials: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, and Others 510(17)

Overview 510(1)

Penicillins 511(6)

Cephalosporins 517(1)

Carbapenems 518(1)

Monobactam 519(1)

Principles of Therapy 519(8)

Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones 527(10)

Overview 527(1)

Aminoglycosides 527(3)

Fluoroquinolones 530(1)

Principles of Therapy 531(6)

Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides, and Urinary Agents 537(11)

Overview 537(6)

Principles of Therapy 543(5)

Macrolides and Miscellaneous Antibacterials 548(11)

Overview 548(1)

Macrolides 548(2)

Miscellaneous Antibacterial Drugs 550(2)

Principles of Therapy 552(7)

Drugs for Tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC) Disease 559(17)

Overview 559(1)

Epidemiology of Tuberculosis 560(1)

Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis 561(1)

Preventing the Development and Spread of Tuberculosis 561(1)

Antitubercular Drugs 561(6)

Treatment of Active Tuberculosis 567(1)

Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease 567(1)

Principles of Therapy 568(8)

Antiviral Drugs 576(19)

Overview 576(9)

Principles of Therapy 585(10)

Antifungal Drugs 595(19)

Overview 595(1)

Fungal Infections 596(10)

Principles of Therapy 606(8)

Antiparasitics 614(13)

Overview 614(1)

Protozoal Infections 614(2)

Helminthiasis 616(1)

Scabies and Pediculosis 616(1)

Antiparasitic Drugs 617(6)

Principles of Therapy 623(4)

SECTION 7 Drugs Affecting Hematopoiesis and the Immune System 627(66)

Physiology of the Hematopoietic and Immune Systems 628(12)

Overview 628(1)

Hematopoietic Cytokines 628(2)

Overview of Body Defense Mechanisms 630(1)

Immunity 631(1)

Immune Cells 632(5)

Patient-Related Factors That Influence Immune Function 637(1)

Immune Disorders 638(1)

Drugs That Alter Hematopoietic and Immune Responses 638(2)

Immunizing Agents 640(17)

Overview 640(1)

Immunization 641(1)

Agents for Active Immunity 641(1)

Agents for Passive Immunity 641(1)

Individual Immunizing Agents 642(6)

Principles of Therapy 648(9)

Hematopoietic and Immunostimulant Drugs 657(14)

Overview 657(1)

General Characteristics of Hematopoietic and Immunostimulant Drugs 657(6)

Principles of Therapy 663(8)

Immunosuppressants 671(22)

Overview 671(1)

Autoimmune Disorders 672(2)

Tissue and Organ Transplantation 674(1)

Immunosuppressant Drugs 675(7)

Principles of Therapy 682(11)

SECTION 8 Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System 693(45)

Physiology of the Respiratory System 694(3)

Overview 694(2)

Summary 696(1)

Disorders of the Respiratory System 696(1)

Drug Therapy 696(1)

Drugs for Asthma and Other Bronchoconstrictive Disorders 697(18)

Overview 697(3)

Drug Therapy 700(6)

Principles of Therapy 706(9)

Antihistamines and Allergic Disorders 715(13)

Overview 715(1)

Histamine and Its Receptors 715(1)

Hypersensitivity (Allergic) Reactions 716(2)

Antihistamines 718(5)

Principles of Therapy 723(5)

Nasal Decongestants, Antitussives, and Cold Remedies 728(10)

Overview 728(1)

The Common Cold 728(1)

Sinusitis 729(1)

Common Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Disorders 729(1)

Drugs for Respiratory Disorders 729(1)

Individual Drugs 730(3)

Principles of Therapy 733(5)

SECTION 9 Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System 738(125)

Physiology of the Cardiovascular System 739(4)

Overview 739(1)

Heart 739(1)

Blood Vessels 740(1)

Blood 741(1)

Cardiovascular Disorders 742(1)

Drug Therapy in Cardiovascular Disorders 742(1)

Drug Therapy of Heart Failure 743(15)

Overview 743(1)

Drug Therapy 744(6)

Principles of Therapy 750(8)

Antidysrhythmic Drugs 758(16)

Overview 758(1)

Cardiac Electrophysiology 758(1)

Cardiac Dysrhythmias 759(1)

Antidysrhythmic Drugs 760(1)

Classifications and Individual Drugs 760(7)

Principles of Therapy 767(7)

Antianginal Drugs 774(14)

Overview 774(3)

Antianginal Drugs 777(5)

Principles of Therapy 782(6)

Drugs Used in Hypotension and Shock 788(9)

Overview 788(1)

Antishock Drugs 789(1)

Individual Drugs 789(3)

Principles of Therapy 792(5)

Antihypertensive Drugs 797(21)

Overview 797(1)

Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure 797(1)

Hypertension 798(3)

Antihypertensive Drugs 801(2)

Individual Drugs 803(1)

Principles of Therapy 804(14)

Diuretics 818(14)

Overview 818(1)

Renal Physiology 818(3)

Alterations in Renal Function 821(1)

Diuretic Drugs 821(3)

Principles of Therapy 824(8)

Drugs That Affect Blood Coagulation 832(19)

Overview 832(1)

Hemostasis 833(1)

Clot Lysis 833(1)

Thrombotic and Thromboembolic Disorders 833(2)

Drugs Used in Thrombotic and Thromboembolic Disorders 835(8)

Principles of Therapy 843(8)

Drugs for Dyslipidemia 851(12)

Overview 851(1)

Atherosclerosis 851(1)

Blood Lipids 852(1)

Dyslipidemia 853(1)

Initial Management of Dyslipidemia 853(1)

Drug Therapy of Dyslipidemia 854(3)

Principles of Therapy 857(6)

SECTION 10 Drugs Affecting the Digestive System 863(49)

Physiology of the Digestive System 864(3)

Overview 864(1)

Organs of the Digestive System 864(2)

Secretions of the Digestive System 866(1)

Effects of Drugs on the Digestive System 866(1)

Drugs Used for Peptic Ulcer and Acid Reflux Disorders 867(16)

Overview 867(1)

Peptic Ulcer Disease 867(2)

Types of Drugs 869(6)

Principles of Therapy 875(8)

Laxatives and Cathartics 883(9)

Overview 883(1)

Defecation 883(1)

Laxatives and Cathartics 884(3)

Principles of Therapy 887(5)

Antidiarrheals 892(10)

Overview 892(1)

Antidiarrheal Drugs 893(4)

Principles of Therapy 897(5)

Antiemetics 902(10)

Overview 902(1)

Antiemetic Drugs 903(4)

Principles of Therapy 907(5)

SECTION 11 Drugs Used in Special Conditions 912(69)

Drugs Used in Oncologic Disorders 913(22)

Overview 913(1)

Normal and Malignant Cells 913(1)

Cancer 914(2)

Antineoplastic Drugs 916(3)

Individual Drugs 919(1)

Cytoprotectant Drugs 919(1)

Principles of Therapy 920(15)

Drugs Used in Ophthalmic Conditions 935(14)

Overview 935(1)

Disorders of the Eye 936(1)

Types of Ophthalmic Drugs 937(1)

Ophthalmic Drug Therapy 937(1)

Individual Drugs 937(1)

Principles of Therapy 938(11)

Drugs Used in Dermatologic Conditions 949(16)

Overview 949(1)

Disorders of the Skin 950(2)

Types of Dermatologic Drugs 952(1)

Individual Drugs 953(4)

Principles of Therapy 957(8)

Drug Use During Pregnancy and Lactation 965(16)

Overview 965(1)

Pregnancy and Lactation 965(1)

Maternal-Placental-Fetal Circulation 966(1)

Drug Effects on the Fetus 966(4)

Fetal Therapeutics 970(1)

Maternal Therapeutics 970(3)

Abortifacients 973(1)

Tocolytics 973(1)

Drugs Used During Labor and Delivery at Term 974(1)

Neonatal Therapeutics 975(1)

Principles of Therapy 976(5)
Appendix A Recently Approved and Miscellaneous Drugs 981(2)
Appendix B The International System of Units 983(1)
Appendix C Therapeutic Serum Drug Concentrations for Selected Drugs 984(1)
Appendix D Canadian Drug Laws and Standards 985(1)
Appendix E Canadian Drug Names 986(9)
Index 995