A first course in probability = 概率论基础教程 / 第7版.

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作   者:Sheldon Ross著.

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ISBN:9787115165411

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简介

1 Combinatorial Analysis   1.1 Introduction   1.2 The Basic Principle of Counting   1.3 Permutations   1.4 Combinations   1.5 Multinomial Coefficients   1.6 The Number of Integer Solutions of Equations*    Summary    Problems    Theoretical Exercises    Self-Test Problems and Exercises  2 Axioms of Probability   2.1 Introduction   2.2 Sample Space and Events   2.3 Axioms of Probability   2.4 Some Simple Propositions   2.5 Sample Spaces Having Equally Likely Outcomes   2.6 Probability as a Continuous Set Function*   2.7 Probability as a Measure of Belief    Summary    Problems    Theoretical Exercises    Self-Test Problems and Exercises  3 Conditional Probability and Independence   3.1 Introduction   3.2 Conditional Probabilities   3.3 Bayes'' Formula   3.4 Independent Events   3.5 P(.|F) Is a Probability    Summary    Problems    Theoretical Exercises    Self-Test Problems and Exercises  4 Random Variables   4.1 Random Variables   4.2 Discrete Random Variables   4.3 Expected Value   4.4 Expectation of a Function of a Random Variable   4.5 Variance   4.6 The Bernoulli and Binomial Random Variables    4.6.1 Properties of Binomial Random Variables    4.6.2 Computing the Binomial Distribution Function   4.7 The Poisson Random Variable    4.7.1 Computing the Poisson Distribution Function   4.8 Other Discrete Probability Distributions    4.8.1 The Geometric Random Variable    4.8.2 The Negative Binomial Random Variable    4.8.3 The Hypergeometric Random Variable    4.8.4 The Zeta (or Zipf) Distribution   4.9 Properties of the Cumulative Distribution Function    Summary    Problems    Theoretical Exercises    Self-Test Problems and Exercises  5 Continuous Random Variables   5.1 Introduction   5.2 Expectation and Variance of Continuous Random Variables   5.3 The Uniform Random Variable   5.4 Normal Random Variables    5.4.1 The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution   5.5 Exponential Random Variables    5.5.1 Hazard Rate Functions   5.6 Other Continuous Distributions    5.6.1 The Gamma Distribution    5.6.2 The Weibull Distribution    5.6.3 The Cauchy Distribution    5.6.4 The Beta Distribution   5.7 The Distribution of a Function of a Random Variable    Summary    Problems    Theoretical Exercises    Self-Test Problems and Exercises  6 Jointly Distributed Random Variables   6.1 Joint Distribution Functions   6.2 Independent Random Variables   6.3 Sums of Independent Random Variables   6.4 Conditional Distributions: Discrete Case   6.5 Conditional Distributions: Continuous Case   6.6 Order Statistics*   6.7 Joint Probability Distribution of Functions of Random Variables   6.8 Exchangeable Random Variables*    Summary    Problems    Theoretical Exercises    Self-Test Problems and Exercises  7 Properties of Expectation   7.1 Introduction   7.2 Expectation of Sums of Random Variables    7.2.1 Obtaining Bounds from Expectations via the Probabilistic Method*    7.2.2 The Maximum-Minimums Identity*   7.3 Moments of the Number of Events that Occur   7.4 Covariance, Variance of Sums, and Correlations   7.5 Conditional Expectation    7.5.1 Definitions    7.5.2 Computing Expectations by Conditioning    7.5.3 Computing Probabilities by Conditioning    7.5.4 Conditional Variance   7.6 Conditional Expectation and Prediction   7.7 Moment Generating Functions    7.7.1 Joint Moment Generating Functions   7.8 Additional Properties of Normal Random Variables    7.8.1 The Multivariate Normal Distribution    7.8.2 The Joint Distribution of the Sample Mean and Sample Variance   7.9 General Definition of Expectation    Summary    Problems    Theoretical Exercises    Self-Test Problems and Exercises  8 Limit Theorems   8.1 Introduction   8.2 Chebyshev''s Inequality and the Weak Law of Large Numbers   8.3 The Central Limit Theorem   8.4 The Strong Law of Large Numbers   8.5 Other Inequalities   8.6 Bounding The Error Probability    Summary    Problems    Theoretical Exercises    Self-Test Problems and Exercises  9 Additional Topics in Probability   9.1 The Poisson Process   9.2 Markov Chains   9.3 Surprise, Uncertainty, and Entropy   9.4 Coding Theory and Entropy    Summary    Theoretical Exercises    Self-Test Problems and Exercises  10 Simulation   10.1 Introduction   10.2 General Techniques for Simulating Continuous Random Variables    10.2.1 The Inverse Transformation Method    10.2.2 The Rejection Method   10.3 Simulating from Discrete Distributions   10.4 Variance Reduction Techniques    10.4.1 Use of Antithetic Variables    10.4.2 Variance Reduction by Conditioning    10.4.3 Control Variates    Summary    Problems    Self-Test Problems and Exercises  APPENDICES A Answers to Selected Problems  B Solutions to Self-Test Problems and Exercises  Index

目录

1 Combinatorial Analysis 
 1.1 Introduction 
 1.2 The Basic Principle of Counting 
 1.3 Permutations 
 1.4 Combinations 
 1.5 Multinomial Coefficients 
 1.6 The Number of Integer Solutions of Equations* 
  Summary 
  Problems 
  Theoretical Exercises 
  Self-Test Problems and Exercises 
2 Axioms of Probability 
 2.1 Introduction 
 2.2 Sample Space and Events 
 2.3 Axioms of Probability 
 2.4 Some Simple Propositions 
 2.5 Sample Spaces Having Equally Likely Outcomes 
 2.6 Probability as a Continuous Set Function* 
 2.7 Probability as a Measure of Belief 
  Summary 
  Problems 
  Theoretical Exercises 
  Self-Test Problems and Exercises 
3 Conditional Probability and Independence 
 3.1 Introduction 
 3.2 Conditional Probabilities 
 3.3 Bayes' Formula 
 3.4 Independent Events 
 3.5 P(.|F) Is a Probability 
  Summary 
  Problems 
  Theoretical Exercises 
  Self-Test Problems and Exercises 
4 Random Variables 
 4.1 Random Variables 
 4.2 Discrete Random Variables 
 4.3 Expected Value 
 4.4 Expectation of a Function of a Random Variable 
 4.5 Variance 
 4.6 The Bernoulli and Binomial Random Variables 
  4.6.1 Properties of Binomial Random Variables 
  4.6.2 Computing the Binomial Distribution Function 
 4.7 The Poisson Random Variable 
  4.7.1 Computing the Poisson Distribution Function 
 4.8 Other Discrete Probability Distributions 
  4.8.1 The Geometric Random Variable 
  4.8.2 The Negative Binomial Random Variable 
  4.8.3 The Hypergeometric Random Variable 
  4.8.4 The Zeta (or Zipf) Distribution 
 4.9 Properties of the Cumulative Distribution Function 
  Summary 
  Problems 
  Theoretical Exercises 
  Self-Test Problems and Exercises 
5 Continuous Random Variables 
 5.1 Introduction 
 5.2 Expectation and Variance of Continuous Random Variables 
 5.3 The Uniform Random Variable 
 5.4 Normal Random Variables 
  5.4.1 The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution 
 5.5 Exponential Random Variables 
  5.5.1 Hazard Rate Functions 
 5.6 Other Continuous Distributions 
  5.6.1 The Gamma Distribution 
  5.6.2 The Weibull Distribution 
  5.6.3 The Cauchy Distribution 
  5.6.4 The Beta Distribution 
 5.7 The Distribution of a Function of a Random Variable 
  Summary 
  Problems 
  Theoretical Exercises 
  Self-Test Problems and Exercises 
6 Jointly Distributed Random Variables 
 6.1 Joint Distribution Functions 
 6.2 Independent Random Variables 
 6.3 Sums of Independent Random Variables 
 6.4 Conditional Distributions: Discrete Case 
 6.5 Conditional Distributions: Continuous Case 
 6.6 Order Statistics* 
 6.7 Joint Probability Distribution of Functions of Random Variables 
 6.8 Exchangeable Random Variables* 
  Summary 
  Problems 
  Theoretical Exercises 
  Self-Test Problems and Exercises 
7 Properties of Expectation 
 7.1 Introduction 
 7.2 Expectation of Sums of Random Variables 
  7.2.1 Obtaining Bounds from Expectations via the Probabilistic Method* 
  7.2.2 The Maximum-Minimums Identity* 
 7.3 Moments of the Number of Events that Occur 
 7.4 Covariance, Variance of Sums, and Correlations 
 7.5 Conditional Expectation 
  7.5.1 Definitions 
  7.5.2 Computing Expectations by Conditioning 
  7.5.3 Computing Probabilities by Conditioning 
  7.5.4 Conditional Variance 
 7.6 Conditional Expectation and Prediction 
 7.7 Moment Generating Functions 
  7.7.1 Joint Moment Generating Functions 
 7.8 Additional Properties of Normal Random Variables 
  7.8.1 The Multivariate Normal Distribution 
  7.8.2 The Joint Distribution of the Sample Mean and Sample Variance 
 7.9 General Definition of Expectation 
  Summary 
  Problems 
  Theoretical Exercises 
  Self-Test Problems and Exercises 
8 Limit Theorems 
 8.1 Introduction 
 8.2 Chebyshev's Inequality and the Weak Law of Large Numbers 
 8.3 The Central Limit Theorem 
 8.4 The Strong Law of Large Numbers 
 8.5 Other Inequalities 
 8.6 Bounding The Error Probability 
  Summary 
  Problems 
  Theoretical Exercises 
  Self-Test Problems and Exercises 
9 Additional Topics in Probability 
 9.1 The Poisson Process 
 9.2 Markov Chains 
 9.3 Surprise, Uncertainty, and Entropy 
 9.4 Coding Theory and Entropy 
  Summary 
  Theoretical Exercises 
  Self-Test Problems and Exercises 
10 Simulation 
 10.1 Introduction 
 10.2 General Techniques for Simulating Continuous Random Variables 
  10.2.1 The Inverse Transformation Method 
  10.2.2 The Rejection Method 
 10.3 Simulating from Discrete Distributions 
 10.4 Variance Reduction Techniques 
  10.4.1 Use of Antithetic Variables 
  10.4.2 Variance Reduction by Conditioning 
  10.4.3 Control Variates 
  Summary 
  Problems 
  Self-Test Problems and Exercises 
APPENDICES
A Answers to Selected Problems 
B Solutions to Self-Test Problems and Exercises 
Index

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