Textbook of physiology / [Adapted ed.]

　　CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
　　 Definition and Scope of Physiology
　　 Structure and Fundamental Characteristics of Living Organism
　　 Internal Environment Homeostasis and Biorhythm
　　 Regulation of Body Functions
　　 Summary
　　 Review Questions
　　 Thought Questions
　　CHAPTER 2 BASIC FUNCTIONS OF
　　 CELLS
　　 Structure of Cell Membrane and Membrane Transport
　　 Signal Transduction of Cell Membrane
　　 Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials
　　 Contraction of Muscle
　　 Summary
　　 Review Questions
　　 Thought Questions
　　CHAPTER 3 BLOOD
　　 Body Fluid and Plasma
　　 Physiology of Blood Cells
　　 Physiological Hemostasis
　　 Blood Types
　　 Summary
　　 Review Questions
　　 Thought Questions
　　CHAPTER 4 CARDIOVASCULAR
　　 PHYSIOLOGY
　　 SECTION A Electrical Activity of the Heart
　　 Anatomy
　　 Cardiac muscle
　　 Heartbeat Coordination
　　 SECTION B Pump Function of the Heart
　　 Mechanical Events of The Cardiac Cycle
　　 The Cardiac Output
　　 Measurement of Cardiac Function
　　 SECTION C The Vascular System
　　 Pressure, Flow, and Resistance
　　 Arteries
　　 Arterioles
　　 Endothelial Cells and Vascular Smooth Muscle
　　 Arteriolar Control in Specific Organs
　　 Capillaries
　　 Veins
　　 The Lymphatic System
　　 SECTION D Integration of Cardiovascular Function: Regulation of Systemic
　　 Arterial Pressure
　　 Baroreceptor Reflexes
　　 Blood Volume and Long Term Regulation of Arterial Pressure
　　 Other Cardiovascular Reflexes and Responses
　　 SECTION E Circulation through Special
　　 Regions
　　 Coronary Circulation
　　 Pulmonary Circulation
　　 Cerebral Circulation
　　 Summary
　　 Review Questions
　　 Thought Questions
　　CHAPTER 5 RESPIRATION
　　 SECTION A Organization of the Respiratory System
　　 The Airway and its Functions
　　 Sites of Gas Exchange
　　 Relation of the Lungs to the Thoracic Wall
　　 SECTION B Pulmonary Ventilation
　　 Principle of Pulmonary Ventilation
　　 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
　　 Pulmonary Ventilation and Alveolar Ventilation
　　 SECTION C Gas Exchange
　　 Exchange of Gases in Alveoli and Tissues
　　 Gas Exchange between Tialveoli and Blood
　　 Gas Exchange Between Tissues and Blood
　　 Abnormalities of Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio
　　 SECTION D Gas Transport
　　 Transport of Oxygen in the Blood
　　 Transport of Carbon Dioxide in the Blood
　　 Transport of Hydrogen Ions between
　　 Tissues and Lungs
　　 SECTION E Regulation of Respiration
　　 Respiratory Center and Respiratory Rhythm
　　 Reflex Control of Breathing
　　 Summary
　　 Review Questions
　　 Thought Questions
　　CHAPTER 6 GASTROINTESTINAL
　　 FUNCTION
　　 Introduction
　　 Mouth and Esophagus
　　 Digestion in Stomach
　　 Digestion in Small Intestine
　　 Function of Colon
　　 Absorption
　　 Pathophysiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract
　　 Summary
　　 Review Questions
　　 Thought Questions
　　CHAPTER 7 ENERGY METABOLISM
　　 AND BODY TEMPERATURE
　　 SECTION A Energy Metabolism
　　 Source, Transfer and Storage of Energy
　　 Energy Utilization by Cells
　　 Energy Supply in Absorptive and Postabsorptive States
　　 Basic Concepts of Energy Expenditure
　　 SECTION B Body Temperature Regulation
　　 Body Temperature
　　 Heat Production and Heat Loss
　　 Regulation of the Body Temperature
　　 Summary
　　 Review Questions
　　 Thought Question
　　CHAPTER 8 THE KIDNEYS AND REG.
　　 ULATION OF WATER AND INORGANIC IONS
　　 SECTION A Basic Principles of Renal
　　 Physiology
　　 Renal Functions
　　 Structure of the Kidneys and Urinary System
　　 Renal Blood Flow and Its Regulation
　　 The Urine Formation by The Kidneys
　　 Concentrated and Diluted Urine by Kidneys
　　 Regulation of Urine Formation by The Kidneys
　　 Renal Clearance
　　 Mieturition
　　 SECTION B Regulation of Sodium,
　　 Water, and Potassium Balance
　　 Total-Body Balance of Sodium and Water
　　 Basic Renal Processes for Sodium and Water
　　 Renal Sodium Regulation
　　 Renal Water Regulation
　　 A Summary Example: The Response to Sweating
　　 Thirst and Salt Appetite
　　 Potassium Regulation
　　 SECTION C Calcium Regulation
　　 Effector Sites for Calcium Homeostasis
　　 SECTION D Hydrogen Ion Regulation
　　 Sources of Hydrogen Ion Gain or Loss
　　 Buffering of Hydrogen Ions in the Body
　　 Integration of Homeostatic Controls
　　 Renal Mechanisms
　　 Summary
　　 Review Questions
　　 Thought Questions
　　CHAPTER 9 SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY
　　 SECTION A Sensory Functions of Nervous System
　　 General Principles
　　 SECTION B Specific Sensory System
　　 Vision
　　 Hearing
　　 Vestibular System
　　 Somatic Sensation
　　 Chemical Senses
　　 Summary
　　 Review Questions
　　 Thought Questions
　　CHAPTER 10 NERVOUS SYSTEM
　　 SECTION A Structure and Function of Neurons
　　 Structure and Maintenance of Neurons
　　 Functional Classes of Neurons
　　 SECTION B Synapses
　　 Functional Anatomy of Synapses
　　 Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP) and Excitation Transmission
　　 Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP)
　　 Synaptic Integration
　　 Synaptic Strength
　　 Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators
　　 SECTION C Control of Body Movement
　　 Motor Control Hierarchy
　　 Local Control of Motor Neurons
　　 The Brain Motor Centers and the Descending Pathways They Control
　　 Muscle Tone
　　 Maintenance of Upright Posture and Balance
　　 SECTION D Autonomic Nervous System
　　 SECTION E Higher Function of Nervous System
　　 States of Consciousness
　　 Learning and Memory
　　 Cerebral Dominance and Language
　　 Motivation and Emotion
　　 Conclusion
　　 Blood Supply, Blood-Brain Barrier Phenomena, and Cerebrospinal Fluid
　　 Summary
　　 Review Questions
　　 Thought Questions
　　CHAPTER 11 ENDOCRINOLOGY
　　 SECTION A Foundations of Hormonal Control Systems
　　 General Introduction
　　 Principles of Hormonal Control Systems
　　 SECTION B The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
　　 The Pituitary Gland and Its Relation to the Hypothalamus
　　 Posterior Pituitary Hormones Are Produced by the Hypothalamus
　　 Anterior Pituitary Hormones Are Controlled by the Hypothalamus
　　 Hypothalamic Releasing and Inhibitory Hormones
　　 Disorders of the Hypothalamus
　　 Disorders of The Anterior Pituitary
　　 Growth Hormone
　　 SECTION C The Thyroid Hormone
　　 Synthesis and Secretion of The Thyroid Hormone
　　 Carriage of Thyroid Hormones
　　 Functions of Thyroid Hormones
　　 Control of Thyroid Hormone Secretion
　　 Summary
　　 Review questions
　　 Thought questions
　　 CHAPTER 12 REPRODUCTION
　　 SECTION A General Terminology and
　　 Concepts; Sex Determination and Differentiation
　　 General Principles of Gametogenesis
　　 Sex Determination
　　 Sex Differentiation
　　SECTION B Male Reproductive Physiology
　　 Anatomy
　　 Spermatogeuesis
　　 Transport of Sperm
　　 Hormonal Control of Male Reproductive Functions
　　 Puberty
　　SECTION C Female Reproductive Physiology
　　 Anatomy
　　 Ovarian Functions
　　 Control of Ovarian Function
　　Uterine Changes in the Menstrual Cycle
　　Androgens in Women
　　Puberty
　　Pregnancy
　　Menopause
　　Precocious Puberty
　　Summary
　　Review Questions
　　Thought Questions
　　Appendix 1 English and Metric Units
　　Appendix 2 English-Chinese Vocabulary
　　Appendix 3 Abbreviations Used in the Text