简介
《房龙地理》（Van Loon's Gecography）是一部以通俗的手法描写以
人的衍动与发展为中心的世界地理巨著，它是由荷兰裔美国著名历史学家、
作家房龙（1882－1944）编著而成。在简要介绍基本地理知识之后，作者按
国别或特征地理地区分别讲述了其地理环境，侧重于分析地理对国家或地区
的历史演变、国家或地区性格的形成、民族特性等影响，因此这是一本关于
“人的”地理书。丹麦人喜欢静谧书斋，而西班牙人则热衷于广阔的天地；
日本近代疯狂地向外扩张，而国土狭小的瑞士却保持中立，等等，难道国家
性格真的与国家地理有关？在本书中似乎能够找到答案。
这本中文导读英文版的经典读本，无论作为通俗的世界地理读本，还是
作为语言学习的课外读物，对当代中国的读者都将产生重要的影响。为了使
读者能够了解每篇故事的概况，进而提高阅读速度和阅读水平，在每篇英文
故事的开始部分增加了中文导读。
目录
1．我们生活的世界还生活着其他人/
And These Are the People Who Live in the World We Live in 1
2．“地理”一词的定义以及我将在本书中如何使用它/
A Definition of the Word Geography and How I Shall
Apply It in the Present Volume 9
3．我们的行星：它的习性、风俗以及举止/
Our Planet: Its Habits, Customs and Manners 12
4．地图。非常简洁的一章但却描述一个庞大而吸引人的话题。
同时还介绍人们通过缓慢地学习如何在这个行星上找到
路线的几点观察/ Maps. A very Brief Chapter upon a very
Big and Fascinating Subject. Together with a Few
Observations on the Way People Slowly Learned
How to Find Their Way on This Planet of Ours 35
5．季节以及它们是怎样变化的/
The Seasons and How They happen 52
6．想想这个星球上的小块旱地，为什么其中一些被称为洲，
而另外一些却不是/ Concerning the Little Spots of Dry
Land on This Planet and Why Some of Them are Called
Continents While Others are not 56
7．关于欧洲的发现以及生活在那里的人们/ Of the Discovery
of Europe and the Sort of People Who Live in That Part
of the World 64
8．希腊，东地中海的岩石岬角，连接古老亚洲和新兴欧洲
的桥梁/ Greece, the Rocky Promontory of the Eastern
Mediterranean Which Acted as the Connecting Link
Between the Old Asia and the New Europe 68
9．意大利，它的地理情况使它一旦时机成熟就能充当海上霸
主或陆上霸主的角色/ Italy, the Country Which due to Its
Geographical Situation Could Play the Role of a Sea-Power
or a Land-Power, as the Occasion Demanded 80
10．西班牙，非洲和欧洲碰撞处/Spain, Where Africa and Europe Clashed 99
11．法国，拥有想要的一切的国家/ France, the Country
That Has Everything It Wants 113
12．比利时，纸片缔造的国家，除内部和谐，拥有一切/
Belgium, A Country Created by Scraps of Paper and
Rich in Everything except Internal Harmony 128
13．卢森堡，历史奇迹/Luxemburg, the Historical Curiosity 133
14．瑞士，高山上的国家，拥有优秀的学校和团结的
国民——讲四种不同的语言/ Switzerland, the Country
of High Mountains, Excellent Schools and a Unified
People Who Speak Four Different Languages 135
15．德国，建立得太晚的国家/
Germany, the Nation That was Founded too Late 143
16．奥地利，一个不受人重视的国家，除非它不再存在/
Austria, the Country That Nobody Appreciated Until It no
Longer Existed 154
17．丹麦，某些方面小国胜过大国的典范/
Denmark, An Object Lesson in Certain Advantages
of Small Countries over Large Ones 159
18．冰岛，北冰洋中有趣的政治实验室/
Iceland, An Interesting Political Laboratory in the Arctic Ocean 164
19．斯堪的纳维亚半岛，瑞典王国与挪威王国的领地/
The Scandinavian Peninsula, The Territory Occupied
by the Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway 168
20．荷兰，北海岸堤上的沼泽，它却变成了一个帝国/
The Netherlands, the Swamp On the Banks of the North
Sea That Became An Empire 179
21．大不列颠，荷兰海岸线外的一个岛屿，为全人类1/4的
人口谋幸福/ Great Britain, An Island off the Dutch Coast
Which Is Responsible For the Happiness of Fully
One-Quarter of the Human Race 185
22．俄罗斯，其地理位置让人难以断定它是欧洲的一部分
还是亚洲的一部分/ Russia, the Country Which Was
Prevented By Its Geographical Location From Ever
Finding Out Whether It Was Part of Europe Or of Asia 207
23．波兰，遭受作为走廊之痛的国家，而现在却拥有自己的走廊/
Poland, the Country That Had always suffered from Being a
Corridor and Therefore now Has a Corridor of Its Own 226
24．捷克斯洛伐克，《凡尔赛和约》的产物/
Czechoslovakia, a Product of the Treaty of Versailles 230
25．南斯拉夫，《凡尔赛和约》的另一个产物/
Yugoslavia, Another Product of the Treaty of Versailles 234
26．保加利亚，巴尔干国家中最健全者，因爱好收集蝴蝶的国王
在世界大战中押错了宝而自食其果/ Bulgaria, the Soundest of
All Balkan Countries, Whose Butterfly-Collecting King Bet on the
Wrong Horse during the Great War and Suffered the Consequences 238
27．罗马尼亚，拥有石油和皇室的国家/
Romania, a Country Which Has Oil and a Royal Family 243
28．匈牙利，或它的那些遗物/Hungary, or What Remains of It 246
29．芬兰，另一个通过智慧和勤奋战胜恶劣自然环境的例子/
Finland, Another Example of What Hard Work and Intelligence
can Achieve amid Hostile Natural Surroundings 250
30．亚洲的发现/The Discovery of Asia 253
31．对于世界其他地方而言，亚洲意味着什么/
What Asia has Meant to the Rest of the World 258
32．中亚高地/The Central Asiatic Highlands 261
33．亚洲西部大高原/The Great Western Plateau of Asia 270
34．阿拉伯，何时是亚洲的一部分，何时又不是/
Arabia—or When is a Part of Asia not a Part of Asia 285
35．印度，自然和人类同时在从事大规模生产的地方/
India, Where Nature and Man are Engaged in Mass-Production 290
36．占据另一个南亚大半岛的缅甸、泰国、安南以及马六甲/
Burma, Siam, Anam and Malacca, Which Occupy the Other
Great Southern Peninsula of Asia 302
37．中国，东亚大半岛/
The Republic of China, the Great Peninsula of Eastern Asia 308
38．朝鲜、蒙古/Korea, Mongolia 325
39．日本帝国/The Japanese Empire 329
40．菲律宾，墨西哥的古老辖地/
The Philippines, an old Administrative Part of Mexico 342
41．荷属东印度，尾大不掉/
The Dutch East Indies, the Tail That Wags the Dog 346
42．澳大利亚，大自然的养子/Australia, the Step-Child of Nature 353
43. 新西兰/New Zealand 363
44. 太平洋上的岛屿，在那里，人们既不辛勤工作，也不会胡扯，
却同我们一样地生活着/ The Islands of the Pacific Where People
Neither Toiled Nor Spun but Lived Just the Same 367
45. 非洲，矛盾与对立的大陆/
Africa, the Continent of Contradictions and Contrasts 370
46. 美洲，幸运之洲/America, the Most Fortunate of All 408
47. 新世界/A New World 437
And These Are the People Who Live in the World We Live in 1
2．“地理”一词的定义以及我将在本书中如何使用它/
A Definition of the Word Geography and How I Shall
Apply It in the Present Volume 9
3．我们的行星：它的习性、风俗以及举止/
Our Planet: Its Habits, Customs and Manners 12
4．地图。非常简洁的一章但却描述一个庞大而吸引人的话题。
同时还介绍人们通过缓慢地学习如何在这个行星上找到
路线的几点观察/ Maps. A very Brief Chapter upon a very
Big and Fascinating Subject. Together with a Few
Observations on the Way People Slowly Learned
How to Find Their Way on This Planet of Ours 35
5．季节以及它们是怎样变化的/
The Seasons and How They happen 52
6．想想这个星球上的小块旱地，为什么其中一些被称为洲，
而另外一些却不是/ Concerning the Little Spots of Dry
Land on This Planet and Why Some of Them are Called
Continents While Others are not 56
7．关于欧洲的发现以及生活在那里的人们/ Of the Discovery
of Europe and the Sort of People Who Live in That Part
of the World 64
8．希腊，东地中海的岩石岬角，连接古老亚洲和新兴欧洲
的桥梁/ Greece, the Rocky Promontory of the Eastern
Mediterranean Which Acted as the Connecting Link
Between the Old Asia and the New Europe 68
9．意大利，它的地理情况使它一旦时机成熟就能充当海上霸
主或陆上霸主的角色/ Italy, the Country Which due to Its
Geographical Situation Could Play the Role of a Sea-Power
or a Land-Power, as the Occasion Demanded 80
10．西班牙，非洲和欧洲碰撞处/Spain, Where Africa and Europe Clashed 99
11．法国，拥有想要的一切的国家/ France, the Country
That Has Everything It Wants 113
12．比利时，纸片缔造的国家，除内部和谐，拥有一切/
Belgium, A Country Created by Scraps of Paper and
Rich in Everything except Internal Harmony 128
13．卢森堡，历史奇迹/Luxemburg, the Historical Curiosity 133
14．瑞士，高山上的国家，拥有优秀的学校和团结的
国民——讲四种不同的语言/ Switzerland, the Country
of High Mountains, Excellent Schools and a Unified
People Who Speak Four Different Languages 135
15．德国，建立得太晚的国家/
Germany, the Nation That was Founded too Late 143
16．奥地利，一个不受人重视的国家，除非它不再存在/
Austria, the Country That Nobody Appreciated Until It no
Longer Existed 154
17．丹麦，某些方面小国胜过大国的典范/
Denmark, An Object Lesson in Certain Advantages
of Small Countries over Large Ones 159
18．冰岛，北冰洋中有趣的政治实验室/
Iceland, An Interesting Political Laboratory in the Arctic Ocean 164
19．斯堪的纳维亚半岛，瑞典王国与挪威王国的领地/
The Scandinavian Peninsula, The Territory Occupied
by the Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway 168
20．荷兰，北海岸堤上的沼泽，它却变成了一个帝国/
The Netherlands, the Swamp On the Banks of the North
Sea That Became An Empire 179
21．大不列颠，荷兰海岸线外的一个岛屿，为全人类1/4的
人口谋幸福/ Great Britain, An Island off the Dutch Coast
Which Is Responsible For the Happiness of Fully
One-Quarter of the Human Race 185
22．俄罗斯，其地理位置让人难以断定它是欧洲的一部分
还是亚洲的一部分/ Russia, the Country Which Was
Prevented By Its Geographical Location From Ever
Finding Out Whether It Was Part of Europe Or of Asia 207
23．波兰，遭受作为走廊之痛的国家，而现在却拥有自己的走廊/
Poland, the Country That Had always suffered from Being a
Corridor and Therefore now Has a Corridor of Its Own 226
24．捷克斯洛伐克，《凡尔赛和约》的产物/
Czechoslovakia, a Product of the Treaty of Versailles 230
25．南斯拉夫，《凡尔赛和约》的另一个产物/
Yugoslavia, Another Product of the Treaty of Versailles 234
26．保加利亚，巴尔干国家中最健全者，因爱好收集蝴蝶的国王
在世界大战中押错了宝而自食其果/ Bulgaria, the Soundest of
All Balkan Countries, Whose Butterfly-Collecting King Bet on the
Wrong Horse during the Great War and Suffered the Consequences 238
27．罗马尼亚，拥有石油和皇室的国家/
Romania, a Country Which Has Oil and a Royal Family 243
28．匈牙利，或它的那些遗物/Hungary, or What Remains of It 246
29．芬兰，另一个通过智慧和勤奋战胜恶劣自然环境的例子/
Finland, Another Example of What Hard Work and Intelligence
can Achieve amid Hostile Natural Surroundings 250
30．亚洲的发现/The Discovery of Asia 253
31．对于世界其他地方而言，亚洲意味着什么/
What Asia has Meant to the Rest of the World 258
32．中亚高地/The Central Asiatic Highlands 261
33．亚洲西部大高原/The Great Western Plateau of Asia 270
34．阿拉伯，何时是亚洲的一部分，何时又不是/
Arabia—or When is a Part of Asia not a Part of Asia 285
35．印度，自然和人类同时在从事大规模生产的地方/
India, Where Nature and Man are Engaged in Mass-Production 290
36．占据另一个南亚大半岛的缅甸、泰国、安南以及马六甲/
Burma, Siam, Anam and Malacca, Which Occupy the Other
Great Southern Peninsula of Asia 302
37．中国，东亚大半岛/
The Republic of China, the Great Peninsula of Eastern Asia 308
38．朝鲜、蒙古/Korea, Mongolia 325
39．日本帝国/The Japanese Empire 329
40．菲律宾，墨西哥的古老辖地/
The Philippines, an old Administrative Part of Mexico 342
41．荷属东印度，尾大不掉/
The Dutch East Indies, the Tail That Wags the Dog 346
42．澳大利亚，大自然的养子/Australia, the Step-Child of Nature 353
43. 新西兰/New Zealand 363
44. 太平洋上的岛屿，在那里，人们既不辛勤工作，也不会胡扯，
却同我们一样地生活着/ The Islands of the Pacific Where People
Neither Toiled Nor Spun but Lived Just the Same 367
45. 非洲，矛盾与对立的大陆/
Africa, the Continent of Contradictions and Contrasts 370
46. 美洲，幸运之洲/America, the Most Fortunate of All 408
47. 新世界/A New World 437
Van Loon’s geography
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