社会地质基本问题与可持续发展

目录页
Chapter One Social Changes and the Word Development
1.1 English and Indo-European Languqges
1.1.1 Indo-European and Five Important Branches
1.1.2 Germanic Branch and the Birth of English
1.2 British English and Spread of Englishes
1.2.1 British English
1.2.2 Spread of Englishes
Chapter Two Historical Factors for the Development of English Words
2.1 Old English Words
2.1.1 Indigenous Vocabulary of Old English
2.1.2 Celtic Source
2.1.3 Latin Source
2.1.4 Scandinavian Source
2.2 Middle English Words
2.2.1 Norman Conquest and French English Words
2.2.2 English-French Mixture and the Independent Status of English Words
2.3 Early Modern English Words
2.3.1 Words Enrichment during the Renaissance
2.3.2 Some Typical loanwords from Latin and Greek
2.4 Modern English Words
2.4.1 Industrial Revolution and New Words
2.4.2 Old Words and the Changing of Meanings
Chapter Three Word Origins and Creation within Words
3.1 Neologisms
3.2 Shortening
3.2.1 Aphaeresis
3.2.2 Apocope
3.2.3 Front and Back Clipping
3.2.4 Syncope
3.2.5 Phrase Clipping
3.3 Eponyms
3.4 Echoism
3.5 Conversion
3.5.1 Conversion to Verbs
3.5.2 Conversion to Nouns
3.5.3 Conversion to Adjectives
Chapter Four Word Creation with Morphemes
4.1 Derivation
4.1.1 Prefixes
4.1.2 Suffixes
4.2 Acronyms
4.2.1 Initialisms
4.2.2 Reverse acronyms
4.3 Blending
4.4 Compounding
4.4.1 Semantic Compounding
4.4.2 Lexical Compounding
4.4.3 Word Class Compounding
Chapter Five Word Structure and Changing Pronunciation
5.1 Word Structure and Letter-sound Combinations
5.2 Word Structure and Shift of Word Stress
5.2.1 Word Stress and Prefixes
5.2.2 Word Stress and Suffixes
5.2.3 Shift of Word Stress and Conversion
5.3 Homonym
5.3.1 Perfect Homophony
5.3.2 Homophones
5.4 Heteronym
Chapter Six Word Development and Changing of Meaning
6.1 General Reasons for the Changing of Word Meaning
6.1.1 Social Motivations
6.1.2 Accidental Associations
6.1.3 Analogy
6.1.4 Hyponymy
6.2 Semantic Change and Social Status
6.2.1 Word Meaning Status Change
6.2.2 Narrowing Word Meaning
6.3 Semantic Change and Changing Culture
Chapter Seven English Word Varieties
7.1 American English Words
7.1.1 Main Features of American English Words
7.1.2 One Word but Different Spellings
7.1.3 Different Words but the Same Meaning
7.2 Canadian English Words
7.2.1 General Rules for Spelling
7.2.2 Some Typical Canadian Words
7.3 Australian English Words
7.3.1 Main Features of Australian English Words
7.3.2 Some Typical Words and Expressions
7.3.3 Comparison with Australia and British English Words
7.4 New Zealand English Words
7.4.1 Main Features of New Zealand English Words
7.4.2 Comparison with New Zealand English and American English Words
7.4.3 Comparison with NZE English and British English Words
7.5 Indian English Words
7.5.1 Features of Indian English Words
7.5.2 Distinct Terms
7.5.3 Hindi-influenced Words
7.6 Chinese English Words
7.6.1 Spread of English in China
7.6.2 Classification of China English Words
Chapter Eight Lexical Words and Dictionary Structures
8.1 Dictionary Structures
8.2 Unabridged Dictionaries
8.2.1 Oxford English Dictionary
8.2.2 Webster's New International Dictionary
8.3 Desktop Dictionaries
8.3.1 British Desktop Dictionaries
8.3.2 American Desktop Dictionaries
8.3.3 English-Chinese Desktop Dictionaries
8.4 Differences between Dictionary Structures
8.4.1 Position in Dictionary
8.4.2 Specialized Dictionaries
8.4.3 Thesaurus
References