Foundation
Applications and Tools p. 3
A Tool for Science and Technique p. 3
Examples of Applications p. 4
Hierarchy of Image Processing Operations p. 15
Image Processing and Computer Graphics p. 17
Cross-disciplinary Nature of Image Processing p. 17
Human and Computer Vision p. 18
Components of an Image Processing System p. 21
Further Readings莽 p. 26
Image Representation p. 29
Introduction p. 29
Spatial Representation of Digital Images p. 29
Wave Number Space and Fourier Transform p. 39
Discrete Unitary Transforms莽 p. 60
Fast Algorithms for Unitary Transforms p. 65
Further Readings莽 p. 76
Random Variables and Fields p. 77
Introduction p. 77
Random Variables p. 79
Multiple Random Variables p. 82
Probability Density Functions p. 87
Stochastic Processes and Random Fields莽 p. 93
Further Readings莽 p. 97
Neighborhood Operations p. 99
Basic Properties and Purpose p. 99
Linear Shift-Invariant Filters氓 p. 102
Recursive Filters莽 p. 115
Rank Value Filtering p. 123
Further Readings莽 p. 124
Multiscale Representation p. 125
Scale p. 125
Scale Space氓 p. 128
Multigrid Representations p. 136
Further Readings莽 p. 142
Image Formation and Preprocessing
Quantitative Visualization p. 145
Introduction p. 145
Waves and Particles p. 147
Radiometry, Photometry, Spectroscopy, and Color p. 153
Interactions of Radiation with Matter莽 p. 162
Further Readings莽 p. 175
Image Formation p. 177
Introduction p. 177
World and Camera Coordinates p. 177
Ideal Imaging: Perspective Projection氓 p. 181
Real Imaging p. 185
Radiometry of Imaging p. 191
Linear System Theory of Imaging氓 p. 194
Further Readings莽 p. 203
3-D Imaging p. 205
Basics p. 205
Depth from Triangulation p. 208
Depth from Time-of-Flight p. 217
Depth from Phase: Interferometry p. 217
Shape from Shading氓 p. 218
Depth from Multiple Projections: Tomography p. 224
Further Readings莽 p. 231
Digitization, Sampling, Quantization p. 233
Definition and Effects of Digitization p. 233
Image Formation, Sampling, Windowing p. 235
Reconstruction from Samples氓 p. 239
Quantization p. 243
Further Readings莽 p. 244
Pixel Processing p. 245
Introduction p. 245
Homogeneous Point Operations p. 246
Inhomogeneous Point Operations氓 p. 256
Multichannel Point Operations莽 p. 263
Geometric Transformations p. 265
Interpolation氓 p. 269
Further Readings莽 p. 280
Feature Extraction
Averaging p. 283
Introduction p. 283
General Properties of Averaging Filters p. 283
Box Filter p. 286
Binomial Filter p. 290
Filters as Networks莽 p. 296
Efficient Large-Scale Averaging莽 p. 298
Nonlinear Averaging p. 307
Averaging in Multichannel Images莽 p. 313
Further Readings莽 p. 314
Edges p. 315
Introduction p. 315
General Properties of Edge Filters p. 316
Gradient-Based Edge Detection氓 p. 319
Edge Detection by Zero Crossings p. 328
Regularized Edge Detection p. 330
Edges in Multichannel Images莽 p. 335
Further Readings莽 p. 337
Simple Neighborhoods p. 339
Introduction p. 339
Properties of Simple Neighborhoods p. 340
First-Order Tensor Representation氓 p. 344
Local Wave Number and Phase莽 p. 358
Tensor Representation by Quadrature Filter Sets莽 p. 368
Further Readings莽 p. 374
Motion p. 375
Introduction p. 375
Basics p. 376
First-Order Differential Methods莽 p. 391
Tensor Methods p. 398
Second-Order Differential Methods莽 p. 403
Correlation Methods p. 407
Phase Method莽 p. 409
Further Readings莽 p. 412
Texture p. 413
Introduction p. 413
First-Order Statistics p. 416
Rotation and Scale Variant Texture Features p. 420
Further Readings莽 p. 424
Image Analysis
Segmentation p. 427
Introduction p. 427
Pixel-Based Segmentation p. 427
Edge-Based Segmentation p. 431
Region-Based Segmentation p. 432
Model-Based Segmentation p. 436
Further Readings莽 p. 439
Regularization and Modeling p. 441
Unifying Local Analysis and Global Knowledge p. 441
Purpose and Limits of Models p. 442
Variational Image Modeling氓 p. 444
Controlling Smoothness p. 451
Diffusion Models p. 455
Discrete Inverse Problems氓 p. 460
Network Models莽 p. 469
Inverse Filtering p. 473
Further Readings莽 p. 480
Morphology p. 481
Introduction p. 481
Neighborhood Operations on Binary Images p. 481
General Properties p. 483
Composite Morphological Operators p. 486
Further Readings莽 p. 494
Shape Presentation and Analysis p. 495
Introduction p. 495
Representation of Shape p. 495
Moment-Based Shape Features p. 500
Fourier Descriptors p. 502
Shape Parameters p. 508
Further Readings莽 p. 511
Classification p. 513
Introduction p. 513
Feature Space p. 516
Simple Classification Techniques p. 523
Further Readings莽 p. 528
Reference Part
Reference Material p. 531
Notation p. 555
Bibliography p. 563
Index p. 575