Rice agricultural history of the Zhuang Nationalith

游修龄序
梁庭望序
绪论
一、壮族——古老的稻作民族
二、研究壮族稻作业史的意义
三、关于本书的研究方法
上编 壮族与稻作农业的起源
第一章 汉语稻的底层词及壮族地区是栽培稻起源地之一的语言学依据
一、“？”考
二、“糇”考
三、“膏”考
四、“？a:i”考
五、壮族地区是栽培稻起源地之一的语言学依据
第二章 籼型栽培稻的起源在壮侗语民族语言中的反映
一、“？”：壮侗语民族先民称籼型水稻的汉字记音
二、“？”：壮侗语民族先民称籼型陆稻的汉字记音
三、“糯”：壮侗语民族先民称糯稻的汉字记音
四、籼稻之名源于“？稻”，而不是源于占城稻——对占城稻的一些质疑
五、籼型栽培稻的起源在壮侗语民族语言中的反映
第三章 壮族地区是栽培稻起源地之一的遗传学依据
一、广西——野生稻的故乡
二、“秜”、“穞”：壮侗语民族先民对野生稻的称词及其最早认识和利用野生稻的证明
三、壮族地区是栽培稻起源地之一的遗传学依据
第四章 壮族地区是栽培稻起源地之一的考古学依据
一、新石器时代早期的稻谷加工和炊煮工具
二、新石器时代早期的家畜饲养
三、新石器时代晚期的稻田耕作工具
四、壮族地区农业考古的缺憾
第五章 稻作文明起源的鲜明印记
一、壮侗语民族自成系统的稻作词汇
二、独特的“那”文化
三、稻作文明起源的鲜明印记
第六章 左右江、邕江流域——西瓯骆越民族原始居民的家园与稻作农业起源的中心之一
一、分布广泛的古人类遗址
二、新石器时代早期贝丘遗址——邕江及其上游流域稻作农业出现的标志
三、桂南大石铲——植根于稻作农业的骆越先民的特殊文化形式
四、左江流域崖壁画——稻作民族图腾文化的艺术再现
五、骆越铜鼓——源于稻作农业的文化遗存
六、分布密集的“那”地名——稻作农业起源的活化石
七、邕江、右江——壮语南北方言的分界线和“kau”、“hau”系稻词的分水龄
八、左右江、邕江流域——西瓯骆越民族原始居民的家园与稻作农业起源的中心之一
第七章 壮侗语族称稻词在其他民族语言中的演变及栽培稻的传布
一、“？”（hau）、“糇”（hou）——禾：壮侗语族称稻词在汉语东南沿海方言中的演变及籼型栽培稻的东向传布
二、“膏”（kau）——谷：壮侗语族称稻词在汉语西南方言中的演变及籼型栽培稻的北向传布
三、“？a:i”——rice：壮侗语族称稻词在印欧语中的演变及籼型栽培稻的西向传布
下编 壮族稻作农业的历史发展
第八章 新石器时代西瓯骆越先民的稻作农业
一、壮族地区石器时代的人类——西瓯骆越先民与现代壮族
二、壮族地区何时进入新石器时代
三、壮族地区最早种植的粮食作物
四、新石器时代西瓯骆越先民的稻作农业工具
五、新石器时代西瓯骆越先民稻作农业的特点
第九章 先秦时期西瓯骆越的稻作农业
一、先秦时期的西瓯骆越及其社会
二、西瓯骆越地区的青铜时代及青铜农具
三、战国中期铁农具的使用
第十章 秦汉魏晋南北朝时期乌浒、俚、僚的稻作农业
一、两汉魏晋南北朝时期岭南的乌浒、俚、僚及其社会
二、铁犁牛耕的推行
三、良种的选用与水稻品种资源的开发
四、一年两熟的出现与水稻栽培制度的初步形成
五、育秧移栽与水稻栽培技术的进步
六、农家肥的积制和绿肥的种植
七、稻谷的储藏与加工
八、农田灌溉的兴起
第十一章 隋唐宋元时期壮族的稻作农业
一、隋唐时期的僚和宋元时期的壮族及其社会
二、曲辕犁、脚踏犁和秧马
三、屯田的推行与水稻种植面积的扩大
四、畲田、梯田的开垦和旱稻的种植
五、水稻种植技术的传播与稻谷产量的提高
六、农田灌溉的发展
七、麦的传入及水稻主粮地位的巩固
第十二章 明清时期壮族的稻作农业（上）
一、明清时期的壮族及其社会
二、传统稻作农具的配套和耕作方法的改进
三、屯田的发展及其对稻作农业的影响
四、对水稻品种及类型认识的深化
五、水稻品种资源的开发和利用
第十三章 明清时期壮族的稻作农业（下）
六、水稻栽培技术的提高
七、农田灌溉设施的配套与完善
八、“粜不尽戎圩谷”——水稻产量的提高及广西谷米外运
九、玉米的传入和以水稻为主的粮食种植结构的重新组合
结语
主要参考书目
后记
Rice Agricultural History of the Zhuang Nationality
Preface by You Xiuling
Preface by Liang Tingwang
Introduction
Part Ⅰ The Zhuang Nationality And The Origin Of Rice Agriculture
Chapter One Substrate words of rice in the Han Language and linguistic evidence of the Zhuang region as one of origin areas of planting rice
1．A textual research of Hau（?）
2．A textual research of Hou（糇）
3．A textual research of kau（膏）
4．A textual research of ［?a:i］
5．Linguistic evidence of the Zhuang resion as one of original areas of planting rice
Chapter Two Evidence ofthe origin of planting indica rice in the Zhuang-Dong language
1．Lian（?））:the Han record of ancient Zhuang-Dong Pronunciation of aquatic indica rice
2．Fei（?）:the Han record of ancient Zhuang-Dong Pronunciation of upland indica rice
3．Nuo（糯）:the Han record of ancient Zhuang-Dong Pronunciation of glutinous rice
4．The name of indica rice is from Lian（?）rice instenad of from Jiancheng rice-query as to Jiancheng rice
5．Evidence of the origin of planting indica rice in the Zhuang-Dong language
Chapter Three Genetic evidence of the Zhuang region as one of original areas of planting rice
1．Guangxi-anative place of wild rice
2．？［?I:］and ？［luk8］:names of wild rice called by ancestor of the Zhuang-Dong Branch
3．Genetic evidence of the Zhuang region as one of original areas of planting rice
Chapter Four Archaeological evidence of the Zhuang region as one of original areas of planting rice
1．Rice processing tools and cooking utensile in early neolithic age
2．Domestication of animals in early neolithic age
3．Farm tools in late neohthic age
4．The lack of archaeological data about agriculture in Zhuang region
Chapter Five Clear proof of the origin of rice civilization
1．Systematic words about rice cultivation
2．Distinct Na Culture
3．Clear proof of the origin of rice civilization
Chapter Six The Zuo-Youjiang River valley and the Yongjiang River valley——Homeland of primitive Luoyue people and one of center of the origin of rice agriculture
1．Stratified and widely-distributed prehistorical sites
2．Shell Mound in early neolithic age——a sign of the origin of rice agriculture in the Yongjiang River valley
3．The big stone shovel——distinct cultural pattern of ancestor of the Luoyue rooted in rice agriculture
4．The rock art of the Zuojiang River Valley——Art of Totem culture of rice agricultural nationality
5．The Bronze Drum of the Luoyue——Cultural remain from rice agriculture
6．Close distribution of place name with Na（那）——living fossil of the origin of rice agriculture
7．The Yongjiang River and the Youjiang River——dividing line between the north dialect and the south dialect of the Zhuang Language and between the Kau and Hau systematic words about rice
8．The Zuo-youjiang River valley and the Yongjiang River valley——Homeland of the Primitive Luoyue people and one of center of the origin of rice agriculture
Chapter Seven Changes of rice names of the Zhuang-Dong Branch in other national language and diffusion of planting rice
1．From Hau（？）and Hou（糇）to He（禾）：Changes of rice names of the Zhuang-Dong Branch in the Southeastern dialect of the Han Language and the eastern diffusion of planting indica rice
2．From Kau（膏）to Gu（谷）：Changes of rice names of the Zhuang-Dong Branch in the Southwestern dialect of the Han language and the northern diffusion of planting indica rice
3．From［？a：i］to rice：Change of rice name of the Zhuang-Dong Branch in Indo-European and the western diffusion of planting indica rice
PART Ⅱ Historical Development of Rice Agriculture of the Zhuang Nationality
Chapter Eight Rice agriculture of the ancestor of the Luoyue people in neolithic age
1．Human in lithic age in the Zhuang region——ancestor of the Luoyue and the Zhuang nationality
2．When did the Zhuang region come to neolithic age
3．The first planting crops in the Zhuang region
4．Rice agricultural tools of ancestor of the Luoyue people in neolithic age
5．Characters of rice agriculture of ancestor of the Luoyue people in neolithic age
Chapter Nine Rice agriculture of the Xiou-Luoyue people before the Chin Dynasty
1．The society of the Xiou-Luoyue people before the Chin Dynasty
2．The bronze age of the Xiou-Luoyue people and bronze farm tools
3．The use of iron farm tools in the middle of the warring states
4．Characters of rice agriculture of the Xiou-Luoyue people before the Chin Dynasty
Chapter Ten Rice agriculture of the Wuhu，the Li and the Liao people from the Chin and Han Dynasty to the Wei and the Tsin and the Southern & Northern
1．The socioty of the Wuhu，the Li and the Liao from the Han Dynasty to the Wei and the Tsin and the Southern & Northern
2．Practice of iron plough with ox
3．Seiection of improved varieties and the exploitation of resource of rice varieties
4．Appearance of two crops a year and primarily formation of rice planting system
5．Raise rice seeding and transplantation and improvement of rice planting technique
6．Making of farm fertilizer and planting of green manure
7．Storage and processing of paddy
8．Development of farmland irrigation
9．Formation of rice-mainly planting structure
Chapter Eleven Rice agriculture of the Zhuang nationality from the Sui and Tang Dynasty to the Sung and Yuan
1．The Liao people in the Sui and Tang Dynasty and the Zhuang in the Sung and Yuan and their societies
2．Brace plough，pedal plough and Yangma
3．Practice of Tuntian System and expansion of the area under rice planting
4．Reclaimation of dry land and terraced field and upland rice planting
5．Diffusion of rice planting technique and increasing of rice yield
6．Development of farmland irrigation
7．Import of wheat and consolidation of the key role of rice
Chapter Twelve Rice agriculture of the Zhuang nationality in the Ming and Ching Dynasty（Ⅰ）
1．The society of the Zhuang in the Ming and Ching Dynasty
2．Inte gration of rice agriculture tools and improvement of farming technique
3．Development of Tuntian System and the influence on rice agriculture
4．Advancement of knowledge on rice varieties and types
5．Exploitation and use of resource of rice varieties
Chapter Thirteen Rice agriculture of the Zhuang nationality in the Ming and Ching Dynasty（Ⅱ）
6．Improvement of rice planting tecnnique
7．Itegration and perfection of farmland irriguous installation
8．Increase of yield of rice and export of paddy from Guangxi
9．Introducion of maize and reformation of rice-mainly planting structure
Conclusion
References
Postscript