Case study in internal medicine:bilingual learning

第一章　呼吸系统疾病
Chapter One　Disorders of the Respiratory System
　慢性阻塞性肺病——反复咳、痰、喘20余年
　Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease（COPD）-repeated cough, sputum production and dyspnea for 20 years
　支气管哮喘——咳嗽、胸闷伴气急
　Bronchial Asthma-cough, chest tightness, dyspnea
　支气管扩张症——反复咳嗽、咯大量脓痰
　Bronchiectasis-recurrent cough with large amount of purulent sputum
　非典型病原体肺炎——干咳、咽痛、肌痛、发热
　Atypical Pneumonia-dry cough, sore throat, myalgia and fever
　气胸——胸痛，呼吸困难
　Pneumothorax-chest pain, dyspnea
　结核性胸膜炎——午后低热、胸痛、活动后气急
　Tuberculous Pleurisy-low fever in the afternoon，chest pain，exertional dyspnea
　肺间质纤维化——气急、干咳
　Interstitial Lung Disease（ILD）-dyspnea, dry cough
　肺癌——痰中带血、肺部肿块
　Lung Cancer-hemosputum, mass in lung
　急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）——气急、烦躁、痰中带血3小时
　Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome（ARDS）- shortness of breath, restlessness, cough with blood-streaked sputum for 3 hours
第二章　心血管系统疾病
Chapter Two　Disorders of the Cardiovascular System
　心力衰竭——胸闷、气急、双下肢浮肿
　Heart Failure-chest tightness, short of breath, edema of the lower limbs
　高血压——血压升高，阵发性胸闷
　Hypertension-elevated blood pressure, paroxysmal chest distress
　心绞痛——反复下颌疼痛
　Angina Pectoris-recurrent submaxillary pain
　急性心肌梗死——晕厥伴胸闷
　Acute Myocardial Infarction（AMI）-syncope and chest oppression
　二尖瓣狭窄——反复发作胸闷和气短
　Mitral Stenosis-repeated attacks of chest distress and dyspnea
　主动脉瓣关闭不全——活动后胸闷和气急
　Aortic Incompetence-exertional chest discomfort and dyspnea
　病毒性心肌炎——发作性晕厥
　Viral Myocarditis-Paroxysmal Syncope Attacks
　感染性心内膜炎——畏寒、发热、夜间盗汗2个月
　Infective Endocarditis-fever, rigor, night sweat for two months
　扩张型心肌病——活动后气急
　Dilated Cardiomyopathy （DCM）-exertional dyspnea
第三章　消化系统疾病
Chapter Three　Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System
　出血糜烂性胃炎——上腹不适、呕血、黑便
　Erosive Hemorrhagic Gastritis-epigastric discomfort, hematemesis, melena
　胃溃疡伴出血——黑便、呕血
　Gastric Ulcer with Bleeding - melena, hematemesis
　十二指肠球部溃疡——反复中上腹痛，黑便
　Duodenal Ulcer-recurrent epigastric pain with black tarry stool
　克罗恩病——反复腹部绞痛伴体重减轻、关节疼痛
　Crohn's Disease-intermittent abdominal cramps with weight loss and arthralgia
　溃疡性结肠炎——反复腹痛伴脓血便
　Ulcerative Colitis-recurrent abdominal cramps and purulent bloody diarrhea
　肝硬化腹水——乏力、纳差、腹胀、少尿
　Liver Cirrhosis and Ascites-fatigue，anorexia，abdominal swelling and oliguria
　食道静脉曲张破裂出血——呕血、黑便、休克
　Esophageal Variceal Rupture and Bleeding-hematemesis, melena, shock
　肝性脑病——嗜睡和构音困难
　Hepatic Encephalopathy-lethargy and dysarthria
　原发性肝癌——肝实质性占位伴甲胎蛋白升高
　Hepatocellular Carcinoma-solid lesion in the liver with elevated AFP
　原发性肝汁性肝硬化——慢性肝功能异常
　Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ? chronic abnormal liver function
　轻型急性胰腺炎——腹痛，呕吐
　Mild Acute Pancreatitis-abdominal pain, vomiting
　重症急性胰腺炎——中上腹持续性胀痛六小时
　Severe Acute Pancreatitis-epigastric quadrant abdominal pain for six hours
　不明原因的下消化道出血——黑便、进行性乏力、头昏
　Obscure Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding-tarry stools, increasing fatigue and dizziness
　药物性肝病——干咳、盗汗6个月，皮肤黄染20天
　Drug Induced Liver Disease（DILD）-Dry cough and night sweat for 6 months,jaundice for 20 days
第四章　肾脏及泌尿系统疾病
Chapter Four　Disorders of the Kidney And Urinary System
　急进性肾小球肾炎——咳嗽、发热、进行性血肌酐升高
　Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis（RPGN）-cough,fever and progressive increase of serum 　creatinine
　慢性肾小球肾炎——血尿
　Chronic Glomerulonephritis-hematuria
　IgA肾病——年轻男性、咳嗽、浓茶色尿
　IgA Nephropathy-a young guy with cough and tea-colored urine
　肾病综合征——水肿、腹胀和蛋白尿
　Nephrotic Syndrome-edema, abdominal distention and proteinuria
　狼疮性肾病——皮疹、蛋白尿、关节痛、贫血
　Lupus nephritis-skin rashes, proteinuria, arthralgia and anemia
　糖尿病肾病——高血糖、高血压、微量白蛋白尿
　Diabetic Nephropathy-hyperglycemia, hypertension, and microalbuminuria
　慢性肾盂肾炎——尿频、尿痛、低热与背痛
　Chronic Pyelonephritis-dysuria, frequency of micturition, low-grade fever and back pain
　肾小管性酸中毒——低血钾、进行性口干、眼干
　Renal Tubular Acidosis-hypokalemia, progressive dry mouth and dry eyes
　急性肾衰——腹泻、呕吐、少尿
　Acute Renal Failure-diarrhea, vomiting and oliguria
　慢性肾衰——贫血，进行性气急
　Chronic Renal Failure－anemia, progressive dyspnea
　代谢性酸中毒——昏迷
　Metabolic Acidosis-coma
　低血钾——乏力、虚弱、便秘、多尿
　Hypokalaemia-fatigue, weakness, constipation, polyuria
第五章　血液系统疾病
Chapter Five　Disorders of the Hematology System
　缺铁性贫血——面色苍白伴乏力
　Iron Deficiency Anemia-pallor, fatigue
　巨幼细胞性贫血——面色苍白、牙龈出血
　Megaloblastic Anemia-pallor with gums bleeding
　急性非淋巴细胞性白血病——反复咽痛伴发热
　Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia（AML）-repeated pharyngodynia, fever
　急性淋巴细胞性白血病——咽痛伴发热
　Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia（ALL）-pharyngodynia accompanied with fever
　慢性粒细胞性白血病——中上腹不适1周伴血象异常
　Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia-epigastric discomfort for one week, abnormality of blood routine
　淋巴瘤——颈部淋巴结无痛性进行性增大伴发热
　Lymphoma-painless gradual enlargement of cervical lymph nodes with fever
　特发性血小板减少性紫癜——月经量增多、血小板减少
　Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura （ITP）-menorrhagia , thrombocytopenia
第六章　内分泌系统疾病
Chapter Six　Disorders of the Endocrinology System
　糖尿病伴大血管病变——多尿、多饮、体重减轻伴阵发性胸痛
　Diabetes Mellitus with Macrovascular Complications-polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss with intermittent chest pain
　高血糖危象——头晕、乏力、多饮、多尿、意识模糊
　Hyperglycemic Crises-dizziness,weakness,polyuria,polydipsia,lethargy
　蜜月期的1型糖尿病——多饮，多尿和体重下降
　A Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patient in the Honeymoon Phase-polydipsia, polyuria and weight loss
　甲状腺亢进症——纳亢、怕热、心悸、消瘦
　Hyperthyroidism-increased appetite, heat intolerance, palpitation, weight loss
　亚临床甲状腺功能减退——乏力，皮肤干燥，便秘
　Subclinical Hypothyroidism-malaise, dry skin, constipation
　亚急性甲状腺炎——低热，颈前疼痛
　Subacute Tyroiditis-low fever，anterior neck pain
　原发性醛固酮增多症——四肢无力，血压正常
　Primary Hyperaldosteronism-myasthenia of limbs with normal blood pressure
第七章　风湿系统疾病
Chapter Seven　Disorders of the Rheumatology System
　类风湿性关节炎——多关节痛
　Rheumatic Arthritis-polyarthralgias
　系统性红斑狼疮——发热、关节痛、面部皮疹
　Systemic lupus erythematosus（SLE）-Fever, arthralgia, facial rash
第八章　急诊医学
Chapter Eight　Emergency Medicine
　休克
　Shock
　中暑——肌痉挛、无力、高热、神志不清
　Heat illness-muscle cramping, fatigue, hyperthermia, unconsciousness
索引
Index