简介
New discoveries in the field of stem cell research have frequently appeared in the news and in scientific literature. Research in this area promises to lead to new therapies for cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and a wide variety of other diseases. This two-volume reference integrates this exciting area of biology, combining the prerequisites for a general understanding of adult and embryonic stem cells, the tools, methods, and experimentalprotocols needed to study and characterize stem cells and progenitor populations, as well as a presentation by the world's experts of what is currently known about each specific organ system. The editors of the Handbook of StemCells include: Robert Lanza, Helen Blau, John Gearhart, Brigid Hogan, Douglas Melton, Malcolm Moore, Roger Pedersen, E. Donnall Thomas, James Thomson, Catherine Verfaillie, Irving Weissman, and Michael West. The Editorial Board includes: W. French Anderson, Peter Andrews, Anthony Atala, Jose Cibelli, Giulio Cossu, RobertEdwards, Martin Evans, Elaine Fuchs, Margaret Fuller, FredGage, Richard Gardner, Margaret Goodell, Ronald Green, William Haseltine, Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor, Rudolf Jaenisch,Ihor Lemischka, Dame Anne McLaren, Richard Mulligan, Stuart Orkin, Martin Pera, Benjamin Reubinoff, Janet Rossant, Hans Scholer, Austin Smith, Evan Snyder, Davor Solter, Alan Trounson, and Leonard Zon. This comprehensiveset should be a much-needed addition to the library of students and researchers alike. * Provides comprehensive coverage on this highly topical subject * Contains contributions by the foremost authorities and premiere names in the field of stem cell research * The accompanying CD-ROM includes over 250 color figures.
目录
Front Cover 1
Handbook of Stem Cells 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Preface 18
Foreword 20
Embryonic Stem Cells in Perspective 22
\u201cStemness\u201d: Definitions, Criteria, and Standards 26
Introduction to embryonic stem cells 26
Chapter 1. History of Embryo Stem Cells 34
Chapter 2. Pluripotential Stem Cells from Vertebrate Embryos: Present Perspective and Future Challenges 48
Part One: Basic biology/mechanisms 60
Chapter 3. Molecular Facets of Pluripotency 60
Chapter 4. Mechanisms of Stem Cell Self-Renewal 78
Chapter 5. Cell-Cycle Control in Embryonic Stem Cells 86
Chapter 6. Chromatin-Modifying Factors and Transcriptional Regulation During Development 96
Chapter 7. Regulation of Hypoxic Genes in Differentiating Stem Cells 124
Chapter 8. Regulation of Gap Junction Protein Genes in Differentiating ES Cells 134
Chapter 9. Cell Fusion and the Differentiated State 144
Chapter 10. Nuclear Cloning and Epigenetic Reprogramming 152
Chapter 11. Origin, Early Patterning, and Fate of the Mouse Epiblast 162
Part Two: Early development 176
Chapter 12. Differentiation in Early Development 176
Chapter 13. Drosophila Female Germ Line Stem Cells 190
Chapter 14. Regulation of Stem Cell Self-renewal Versus Differentiation by a Support Cell Niche: Lessons from the Drosophila Male Germ Line 204
Chapter 15. Spermatogonial Cells in the Rat and Mouse 212
Chapter 16. Primordial Germ Cells in Mouse and Human 220
Chapter 17. Stem Cells in Extraembryonic Lineages 226
Part Three: Ectoderm 238
Chapter 18. Neurogenesis in the Vertebrate Embryo 238
Chapter 19. Neural Crest Cells 252
Chapter 20. Melanocytes 266
Chapter 21. Nervous System 270
Chapter 22. Sensory Epithelium of the Eye and Ear 286
Chapter 23. The Epithelial Stem Cell Niche in the Tooth 298
Part Four: Mesoderm 306
Chapter 24. Early Embryonic Mesoderm Development 306
Chapter 25. Hematopoietic Stem Cells 312
Chapter 26. Cell Differentiation in the Skeleton 318
Chapter 27. Osteoclast Lineage 328
Chapter 28. Cardiomyogenic Precursor Cells in the Mammalian Embryo: Induction, Heterogeneity, and Morphogenesis 338
Chapter 29. Potential of ES Cell Differentiation Culture for Vascular Biology 350
Chapter 30. Vascular Progenitor Cells in the Human Model 356
Chapter 31. Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Adipose Cells 362
Chapter 32. Cell Lineages and Stem Cells in the Embryonic Kidney 368
Chapter 33. Gonads\u2013M眉llerian Ducts 378
Part Five: Endoderm 392
Chapter 34. Liver 392
Chapter 35. Gastrointestinal Tract 404
Chapter 36. Trachea, Bronchi, and Lungs 412
Chapter 37. Thymus and Parathyroid Organogenesis 424
Part Six: Methods 440
Chapter 38. Characterization of Human Embryonic Stem Cells 440
Chapter 39. Isolation and Maintenance of Murine Embryonic Stem Cells 446
Chapter 40. Isolation and Maintenance of Primate ES Cells 452
Chapter 41. Approaches for Derivation and Maintenance of Human ES Cells: Detailed Procedures and Alternatives 470
Chapter 42. Isolation and Maintenance of Murine Embryonic Germ Cell Lines 484
Chapter 43. Derivation and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Germ Cells 492
Chapter 44. Isolation and Maintenance of Avian ES Cells 504
Chapter 45. Isolation and Maintenance of Trophoblast Stem Cell 512
Chapter 46. Isolation of Pluripotential Stem Cells from Xenopus Embryos 516
Chapter 47. Isolation and Culture of Zebra Fish ES Cells 526
Chapter 48. Identification and Maintenance of Cell Lineage Progenitors Derived from Human ES Cells 534
Chapter 49. Identification and Maintenance of Neural Precursors from Human Embryonic Stem Cells 544
Chapter 50. Generation of Primitive Human Hematopoietic Cells from Human ESC Lines 554
Chapter 51. Growth Factors and the Serum-free Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells 562
Chapter 52. Feeder-free Culture 568
Chapter 53. Genetic Manipulation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells 576
Chapter 54. Homologous Recombination in Human Embryonic Stem Cells 584
Chapter 55. Transduction of Human ES Cells by Lentiviral Vectors 590
Chapter 56. Surface Antigen Markers 598
Chapter 57. Lineage Marking 606
Chapter 58. Use of Gene Chips to Define Genetic Pathways 614
Chapter 59. Caveats of Gene-Targeted and Transgenic Mice 622
Chapter 60. Gene-Based Screens of Chemically Mutagenized Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells 632
Chapter 61. Engineering of ES Cell Genomes with Recombinase Systems 642
Chapter 62. ES Cells and Nuclear Transfer Cloning 656
Chapter 63. Parthenogenesis Stem Cells 668
Chapter 64. Pluripotency in Normal and Clone Mouse Embryos 672
Chapter 65. Genomic Reprogramming 690
Part Seven: Applications 696
Chapter 66. Immunogenicity of Human Embryonic Stem Cells 696
Chapter 67. Thymus and Tolerance in Transplantation 708
Chapter 68. Neural Stem Cells: Therapeutic Applications in Neurodegenerative Diseases 720
Chapter 69. Spinal Cord Injury 734
Chapter 70. Use of Embryonic Stem Cells to Treat Heart Disease 746
Chapter 71. Insulin-Producing Cells Derived from Embryonic Stem Cells: A Potential Treatment for Diabetes 756
Chapter 72. Burns and Skin Ulcers 764
Chapter 73. Embryonic Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering 770
Part Eight: Regulation and ethics 780
Chapter 74. Immortal Cells, Moral Selves 780
Chapter 75. Ethical Considerations 792
Chapter 76. Stem Cell Research: Religious Considerations 798
Chapter 77. Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Regulatory Considerations 808
Chapter 78. Commercial Development of Stem Cell Technology 820
Chapter 79. Proprietary Considerations 826
Part Nine: The patient's perspective 832
Chapter 80. It Is Not About Curiosity, It Is About Cures Stem Cell Research: People Help Drive Progress 832
Chapter 81. Patient Advocacy 838
Index 840
Handbook of Stem Cells 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Preface 18
Foreword 20
Embryonic Stem Cells in Perspective 22
\u201cStemness\u201d: Definitions, Criteria, and Standards 26
Introduction to embryonic stem cells 26
Chapter 1. History of Embryo Stem Cells 34
Chapter 2. Pluripotential Stem Cells from Vertebrate Embryos: Present Perspective and Future Challenges 48
Part One: Basic biology/mechanisms 60
Chapter 3. Molecular Facets of Pluripotency 60
Chapter 4. Mechanisms of Stem Cell Self-Renewal 78
Chapter 5. Cell-Cycle Control in Embryonic Stem Cells 86
Chapter 6. Chromatin-Modifying Factors and Transcriptional Regulation During Development 96
Chapter 7. Regulation of Hypoxic Genes in Differentiating Stem Cells 124
Chapter 8. Regulation of Gap Junction Protein Genes in Differentiating ES Cells 134
Chapter 9. Cell Fusion and the Differentiated State 144
Chapter 10. Nuclear Cloning and Epigenetic Reprogramming 152
Chapter 11. Origin, Early Patterning, and Fate of the Mouse Epiblast 162
Part Two: Early development 176
Chapter 12. Differentiation in Early Development 176
Chapter 13. Drosophila Female Germ Line Stem Cells 190
Chapter 14. Regulation of Stem Cell Self-renewal Versus Differentiation by a Support Cell Niche: Lessons from the Drosophila Male Germ Line 204
Chapter 15. Spermatogonial Cells in the Rat and Mouse 212
Chapter 16. Primordial Germ Cells in Mouse and Human 220
Chapter 17. Stem Cells in Extraembryonic Lineages 226
Part Three: Ectoderm 238
Chapter 18. Neurogenesis in the Vertebrate Embryo 238
Chapter 19. Neural Crest Cells 252
Chapter 20. Melanocytes 266
Chapter 21. Nervous System 270
Chapter 22. Sensory Epithelium of the Eye and Ear 286
Chapter 23. The Epithelial Stem Cell Niche in the Tooth 298
Part Four: Mesoderm 306
Chapter 24. Early Embryonic Mesoderm Development 306
Chapter 25. Hematopoietic Stem Cells 312
Chapter 26. Cell Differentiation in the Skeleton 318
Chapter 27. Osteoclast Lineage 328
Chapter 28. Cardiomyogenic Precursor Cells in the Mammalian Embryo: Induction, Heterogeneity, and Morphogenesis 338
Chapter 29. Potential of ES Cell Differentiation Culture for Vascular Biology 350
Chapter 30. Vascular Progenitor Cells in the Human Model 356
Chapter 31. Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Adipose Cells 362
Chapter 32. Cell Lineages and Stem Cells in the Embryonic Kidney 368
Chapter 33. Gonads\u2013M眉llerian Ducts 378
Part Five: Endoderm 392
Chapter 34. Liver 392
Chapter 35. Gastrointestinal Tract 404
Chapter 36. Trachea, Bronchi, and Lungs 412
Chapter 37. Thymus and Parathyroid Organogenesis 424
Part Six: Methods 440
Chapter 38. Characterization of Human Embryonic Stem Cells 440
Chapter 39. Isolation and Maintenance of Murine Embryonic Stem Cells 446
Chapter 40. Isolation and Maintenance of Primate ES Cells 452
Chapter 41. Approaches for Derivation and Maintenance of Human ES Cells: Detailed Procedures and Alternatives 470
Chapter 42. Isolation and Maintenance of Murine Embryonic Germ Cell Lines 484
Chapter 43. Derivation and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Germ Cells 492
Chapter 44. Isolation and Maintenance of Avian ES Cells 504
Chapter 45. Isolation and Maintenance of Trophoblast Stem Cell 512
Chapter 46. Isolation of Pluripotential Stem Cells from Xenopus Embryos 516
Chapter 47. Isolation and Culture of Zebra Fish ES Cells 526
Chapter 48. Identification and Maintenance of Cell Lineage Progenitors Derived from Human ES Cells 534
Chapter 49. Identification and Maintenance of Neural Precursors from Human Embryonic Stem Cells 544
Chapter 50. Generation of Primitive Human Hematopoietic Cells from Human ESC Lines 554
Chapter 51. Growth Factors and the Serum-free Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells 562
Chapter 52. Feeder-free Culture 568
Chapter 53. Genetic Manipulation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells 576
Chapter 54. Homologous Recombination in Human Embryonic Stem Cells 584
Chapter 55. Transduction of Human ES Cells by Lentiviral Vectors 590
Chapter 56. Surface Antigen Markers 598
Chapter 57. Lineage Marking 606
Chapter 58. Use of Gene Chips to Define Genetic Pathways 614
Chapter 59. Caveats of Gene-Targeted and Transgenic Mice 622
Chapter 60. Gene-Based Screens of Chemically Mutagenized Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells 632
Chapter 61. Engineering of ES Cell Genomes with Recombinase Systems 642
Chapter 62. ES Cells and Nuclear Transfer Cloning 656
Chapter 63. Parthenogenesis Stem Cells 668
Chapter 64. Pluripotency in Normal and Clone Mouse Embryos 672
Chapter 65. Genomic Reprogramming 690
Part Seven: Applications 696
Chapter 66. Immunogenicity of Human Embryonic Stem Cells 696
Chapter 67. Thymus and Tolerance in Transplantation 708
Chapter 68. Neural Stem Cells: Therapeutic Applications in Neurodegenerative Diseases 720
Chapter 69. Spinal Cord Injury 734
Chapter 70. Use of Embryonic Stem Cells to Treat Heart Disease 746
Chapter 71. Insulin-Producing Cells Derived from Embryonic Stem Cells: A Potential Treatment for Diabetes 756
Chapter 72. Burns and Skin Ulcers 764
Chapter 73. Embryonic Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering 770
Part Eight: Regulation and ethics 780
Chapter 74. Immortal Cells, Moral Selves 780
Chapter 75. Ethical Considerations 792
Chapter 76. Stem Cell Research: Religious Considerations 798
Chapter 77. Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Regulatory Considerations 808
Chapter 78. Commercial Development of Stem Cell Technology 820
Chapter 79. Proprietary Considerations 826
Part Nine: The patient's perspective 832
Chapter 80. It Is Not About Curiosity, It Is About Cures Stem Cell Research: People Help Drive Progress 832
Chapter 81. Patient Advocacy 838
Index 840
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