Table Of Contents:

UNIT ONE FOUNDATIONS OF PHARMACOLOGY

Definitions, Names, Standards, and Information Sources

Definitions 1(1)

Pharmacology 1(1)

Therapeutic Methods 1(1)

Drugs 1(1)

Drug Names (United States) 1(1)

Chemical Name 1(1)

Generic Name (Nonproprietary Name) 1(1)

Official Name 2(1)

Trademark (Brand Name) 2(1)

Drug Classifications 2(1)

Drug Names (Canada) 2(1)

Official Drug 2(1)

Proper Name 2(1)

Sources of Drug Standards (United States) 2(1)

The United States Pharmacopeia (USP)/ National Formulary (NF) 3(1)

USP Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names 3(1)

Sources of Drug Standards (Canada) 3(1)

Sources of Drug Information (United States) 3(4)

American Drug Index 3(1)

American Hospital Formulary Service 4(1)

Drug Interaction Facts 4(1)

Drug Facts and Comparisons 4(1)

Handbook on Injectable Drugs 4(1)

Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs 5(1)

Martindale---The Complete Drug Reference 5(1)

Mosby's Drug Consult 5(1)

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database 6(1)

Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) 6(1)

Package Inserts 7(1)

Nursing Journals 7(1)

Electronic Databases 7(1)

Sources of Drug Information (Canada) 7(2)

Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties 7(1)

Patient Self-Care: Helping Patients Make Therapeutic Choices 8(1)

Compendium of Self-Care Products 8(1)

Sources of Patient Information 9(1)

United States Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information 9(1)

Therapeutic Choices 9(1)

Drug Legislation (United States) 9(2)

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, June 25, 1938 (Amended 1952, 1962) 10(1)

Controlled Substances Act, 1970 10(1)

Possession of Controlled Substances 11(1)

Drug Legislation (Canada) 11(1)

Food and Drugs Act 1927; Food and Drug Regulations 1953 and 1954, Revised 1979 and Periodic Amendments 11(1)

Schedule F Prescription Drugs 11(1)

The Controlled Drugs and Substance Act, 1997 11(1)

Nonprescription Drugs 12(1)

Effectiveness of Drug Legislation 12(1)

New Drug Development 12(4)

Preclinical Research and Development Stage 12(1)

Clinical Research and Development Stage 13(1)

New Drug Application Review 14(1)

Postmarketing Surveillance 14(1)

Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs 14(2)

Principles of Drug Action and Drug Interactions

Basic Principles 16(3)

Absorption 17(1)

Distribution 17(1)

Metabolism 18(1)

Excretion 18(1)

Half-Life 18(1)

Drug Action 19(1)

Variable Factors Influencing Drug Action 20(1)

Age 20(1)

Body Weight 20(1)

Metabolic Rate 20(1)

Illness 20(1)

Psychological Aspects 21(1)

Tolerance 21(1)

Dependence 21(1)

Cumulative Effect 21(1)

Drug Interactions 21(4)

Drug Action Across the Life Span

Changing Drug Action Across the Life Span 25(5)

Drug Absorption 26(1)

Drug Distribution 27(1)

Drug Metabolism 28(1)

Drug Excretion 28(1)

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 29(1)

Nursing Implications when Monitoring Drug Therapy 30(6)

Use of Monitoring Parameters 30(6)

The Nursing Process and Pharmacology

The Nursing Process 36(10)

Assessment 38(1)

Nursing Diagnosis 39(4)

Planning 43(3)

Nursing Intervention or Implementation 46(1)

Evaluating and Recording Therapeutic and Expected Outcomes 46(1)

Relating the Nursing Process to Pharmacology 46(12)

Assessment 46(1)

Nursing Diagnoses 47(1)

Planning 48(1)

Nursing Intervention or Implementation 49(7)

Evaluating Therapeutic Outcomes 56(2)

Patient Education and Health Promotion

The Three Domains of Learning 58(1)

Cognitive Domain 58(1)

Affective Domain 58(1)

Psychomotor Domain 58(1)

Principles of Learning 58(5)

Focus the Learning 58(1)

Learning Styles 59(1)

Organization Fosters Learning 59(1)

Motivating the Individual to Learn 59(1)

Readiness to Learn 59(1)

Spacing the Content 60(1)

Repetition Enhances Learning 60(1)

Education Level 60(1)

Culture and Ethnic Diversity 61(1)

Adherence 62(1)

New Strategies to Increase Adherence 63(1)

Patient Education Associated with Medication Therapy 63(4)

Health Teaching 63(1)

Communication and Responsibility 64(3)

UNIT TWO ILLUSTRATED ATLAS OF MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION AND MATH REVIEW

A Review of Arithmetic

Roman Numerals 67(1)

Fractions 67(5)

Common Fractions 67(1)

Types of Common Fractions 68(1)

Working with Fractions 68(4)

Decimal Fractions 72(1)

Multiplying Decimals 72(1)

Dividing Decimals 73(1)

Changing Decimals to Common Fractions 73(1)

Changing Common Fractions to Decimal Fractions 73(1)

Percents 73(1)

Determining Percent One Number Is of Another 73(1)

Changing Percents to Fractions 74(1)

Changing Percents to Decimal Fractions 74(1)

Changing Common Fractions to Percents 74(1)

Changing Decimal Fractions to Percents 74(1)

Points to Remember in Reading Decimals 74(1)

Ratios 74(1)

Changing Ratio to Percent 75(1)

Changing Percent to Ratio 75(1)

Simplifying Ratios 75(1)

Proportions 75(1)

Systems of Weights and Measures 75(5)

Household Measurements 76(1)

Apothecary Measurements 76(1)

Metric System 76(1)

Conversion of Metric Units 77(2)

Calculations with Other Forms of Measure That Do Not Require Conversion 79(1)

Calculation of Intravenous Fluid and Medication Administration Rates 80(2)

Intravenous Fluid Orders, Drip Rates, Pumps, and Rounding 80(1)

Rounding 80(1)

Volumetric and Nonvolumetric Pumps 81(1)

Calculation of Flow Rates 81(1)

Fahrenheit and Centigrade (Celsius) Temperatures 82(3)

Formula for Converting Fahrenheit Temperature to Centigrade Temperature 83(1)

Formula for Converting Centigrade Temperature to Fahrenheit Temperature 83(2)

Principles of Medication Administration

Legal and Ethical Considerations 85(1)

Patient Charts 86(12)

Contents of Patient Charts 86(10)

Kardex Records 96(2)

Evolving Charting Methodologies 98(1)

Drug Distribution Systems 98(4)

Floor or Ward Stock System 98(1)

Individual Prescription Order System 98(1)

Computer-Controlled Dispensing System 99(1)

Unit Dose System 99(1)

Long-Term Care Unit Dose System 100(1)

Narcotic Control Systems 101(1)

The Drug Order 102(1)

Types of Medication Orders 103(1)

Medication Errors 103(2)

Nurse's Responsibilities 104(1)

The Six Rights of Drug Administration 105(5)

Right Drug 105(1)

Right Time 105(1)

Right Dose 106(1)

Right Patient 106(1)

Right Route 107(1)

Right Documentation 107(3)

Percutaneous Administration

Administration of Topical Medications to the Skin 110(1)

Administration of Creams, Lotions, and Ointments 110(2)

Patch Testing for Allergens 112(2)

Administration of Nitroglycerin Ointment 114(2)

Administration of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems 116(1)

Administration of Topical Powders 117(1)

Administration of Medications to Mucous Membranes 118(12)

Administration of Sublingual and Buccal Tablets 118(1)

Administration of Eye Drops, Ointment, and Disks 119(2)

Administration of Ear Drops 121(1)

Administration of Nose Drops 122(1)

Administration of Nasal Spray 123(1)

Administration of Medications by Inhalation 124(1)

Administration of Medications by Oral Inhalation 125(2)

Administration of Vaginal Medications 127(1)

Administration of a Vaginal Douche 128(2)

Enteral Administration

Administration of Oral Medications 130(3)

Administration of Solid-Form Oral Mediations 133(2)

Medication Card System 133(1)

Unit Dose System 134(1)

Electronic Control System 134(1)

General Principles of Solid-Form Medication Administration 135(1)

Administration of Liquid-Form Oral Medications 135(3)

Medication Card System 135(2)

Unit Dose System 137(1)

General Principles of Liquid-Form Oral Medication Administration 137(1)

Administration of Medications by Nasogastric Tube 138(2)

Administration of Enteral Feedings via Gastrostomy or Jejunostomy Tube 140(1)

Administration of Rectal Suppositories 141(2)

Administration of a Disposable Enema 143(2)

Parenteral Administration: Safe Preparation of Parenteral Medications

Safe Preparation, Administration, and Disposal of Parenteral Medications and Supplies 145(1)

Equipment Used in Parenteral Administration 146(8)

Syringes 146(4)

The Needle 150(1)

Selection of the Syringe and Needle 150(1)

Packaging of Syringes and Needles 151(3)

Parenteral Dose Forms 154(1)

Ampules 154(1)

Vials 154(1)

Mix-O-Vials 155(1)

Preparation of Parenteral Medication 155(8)

Equipment 155(1)

Technique 155(1)

Guidelines for Preparing Medications 156(7)

Parenteral Administration: Intradermal, Subcutaneous, and Intramuscular Routes

Administration of Medication by the Intradermal Route 163(2)

Administration of Medication by the Subcutaneous Route 165(2)

Administration of Medication by the Intramuscular Route 167(8)

Parenteral Administration: Intravenous Route

Intravenous Therapy 175(1)

Equipment Used for Intravenous Therapy 176(5)

Intravenous Administration Sets 176(1)

Types of Infusion Control Devices 177(1)

Intravenous Access Devices 178(3)

Intravenous Dose Forms 181(3)

Types of Intravenous Solutions 181(2)

Large-Volume Solution Containers 183(1)

Small-Volume Solution Containers 183(1)

Administration of Medications by the Intravenous Route 184(4)

General Principles of Intravenous Medication Administration 185(2)

Preparing an Intravenous Solution for Infusion 187(1)

Intravenous Fluid Monitoring 188(1)

Basic Guidelines of Intravenous Administration of Medicines 188(12)

Venipuncture 189(3)

Administration of Medication by a Heparin/Saline/Medlock 192(1)

Administration of Medications Into an Established Intravenous Line (IV Bolus) 193(1)

Administration of Medication Through an Implanted Venous Access Device 194(1)

Adding a Medication to an Intravenous Bag, Bottle, or Volume Control 195(1)

Adding a Medication with a Piggyback Set 195(1)

Changing to the Next Container of Intravenous Solution 196(1)

Care of Peripheral Sites, Central Venous Catheters, and Implanted Ports 197(1)

Flushing of Peripheral Catheters 197(1)

Peripheral Site Dressing Changes 197(1)

Flushing of Central Venous Catheters 197(1)

Dressing Changes for Central Lines 198(1)

Care of Venous Ports 198(2)

Discontinuing an Intravenous Infusion 200(1)

Monitoring Intravenous Therapy 200(7)

Complications Associated with Intravenous Therapy 202(5)

UNIT THREE DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS

Drugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System

The Central and Autonomic Nervous Systems 207(1)

Autonomic Nervous System 208(10)

Drug Class: Adrenergic Agents 209(3)

Drug Class: Alpha-and Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents 212(2)

Drug Class: Cholinergic Agents 214(1)

Drug Class: Anticholinergic Agents 215(3)

Sedative-Hypnotics

Sleep and Sleep Pattern Disturbance 218(1)

Sedative-Hypnotic Therapy 219(3)

Drug Therapy for Sleep Disturbance 222(9)

Drug Class: Barbiturates 222(2)

Drug Class: Benzodiazepines 224(2)

Drug Class: Nonbarbiturate, Nonbenzodiazepine Sedative-Hypnotic Agents 226(5)

Drugs Used for Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's Disease 231(1)

Drug Therapy for Parkinson's Disease 232(19)

Drug Class: Dopamine Agonists 236(9)

Drug Class: COMT Inhibitor 245(1)

Drug Class: Anticholinergic Agents 246(2)

Drug Class: Miscellaneous Antiparkinsonian Agents 248(3)

Drugs Used for Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety Disorders 251(1)

Drug Therapy for Anxiety Disorders 252(10)

Drug Class: Benzodiazepines 256(2)

Drug Class: Azaspirones 258(1)

Drug Class: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors 258(1)

Drug Class: Miscellaneous Antianxiety Agents 259(3)

Drugs Used for Mood Disorders

Mood Disorders 262(2)

Treatment of Mood Disorders 264(1)

Drug Therapy for Mood Disorders 264(4)

Drug Therapy for Depression 268(16)

Drug Class: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors 268(4)

Drug Class: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors 272(1)

Drug Class: Tricyclic Antidepressants 273(2)

Drug Class: Miscellaneous Agents 275(5)

Drug Class: Antimanic Agents 280(4)

Drugs Used for Psychoses

Psychosis 284(1)

Treatment of Psychosis 285(1)

Drug Therapy for Psychosis 285(2)

Adverse Effects of Antipsychotic Drug Therapy 287(2)

Other Adverse Effects 289(7)

Drug Class: Antipsychotic Agents 292(4)

Drugs Used for Seizure Disorders

Seizure Disorders 296(1)

Descriptions of Seizures 297(1)

Generalized Convulsive Seizures 297(1)

Generalized Nonconvulsive Seizures 297(1)

Anticonvulsant Therapy 297(3)

Drug Therapy for Seizure Disorders 300(16)

Drug Class: Benzodiazepines 300(3)

Drug Class: Hydantoins 303(2)

Drug Class: Succinimides 305(1)

Drug Class: Miscellaneous Anticonvulsants 305(11)

Drugs Used for Pain Management

Pain 316(1)

Pain Management 317(30)

Drug Class: Opiate Agonists 328(3)

Drug Class: Opiate Partial Agonists 331(2)

Drug Class: Opiate Antagonists 333(3)

Drug Class: Salicylates 336(5)

Drug Class: Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents 341(1)

Drug Class: Miscellaneous Analgesics 342(5)

UNIT FOUR DRUGS AFFECTING THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Introduction to Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Syndrome

Cardiovascular Diseases 347(1)

Metabolic Syndrome 347(5)

Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome 349(1)

Drug Therapy for Metabolic Syndrome 350(2)

Drugs Used to Treat Dyslipidemias

Atherosclerosis 352(1)

Treatment of Hyperlipidemias 353(1)

Drug Therapy for Hyperlipidemias 353(10)

Drug Class: Bile Acid--Binding Resins 356(1)

Drug Class: Niacin 356(1)

Drug Class: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors 357(2)

Drug Class: Fibric Acids 359(1)

Drug Class: Miscellaneous Antilipemic Agents 360(3)

Drugs Used to Treat Hypertension

Hypertension 363(2)

Treatment of Hypertension 365(1)

Drug Therapy for Hypertension 365(26)

Drug Class: Diuretics 372(1)

Drug Class: Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents 373(1)

Drug Class: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors 374(2)

Drug Class: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers 376(2)

Drug Class: Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist 378(2)

Drug Class: Calcium Ion Antagonists 380(1)

Drug Class: Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Agents 380(3)

Drug Class: Central-Acting Alpha-2 Agonists 383(1)

Drug Class: Peripheral-Acting Adrenergic Antagonists 384(3)

Drug Class: Direct Vasodilators 387(4)

Drugs Used to Treat Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias 391(1)

Treatment for Dysrhythmias 392(1)

Drug Therapy for Dysrhythmias 392(16)

Drug Class: Antidysrhythmic Agents 395(3)

Drug Class: Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents 398(10)

Drugs Used to Treat Angina Pectoris

Angina Pectoris 408(1)

Treatment of Angina Pectoris 408(1)

Drug Therapy for Angina Pectoris 409(10)

Drug Class: Nitrates 411(3)

Drug Class: Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents 414(1)

Drug Class: Calcium Ion Antagonists 415(1)

Drug Class: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors 416(1)

Drug Class: Fatty Oxidase Enzyme Inhibitor 416(3)

Drugs Used to Treat Peripheral Vascular Disease

Peripheral Vascular Disease 419(1)

Treatment of Peripheral Vascular Disease 420(1)

Drug Therapy for Peripheral Vascular Disease 420(9)

Drug Class: Hemorrheologic Agent 423(1)

Drug Class: Vasodilators 424(2)

Drug Class: Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor 426(3)

Drugs Used to Treat Thromboembolic Disorders

Thromboembolic Diseases 429(1)

Treatment of Thromboembolic Diseases 430(1)

Drug Therapy for Thromboembolic Diseases 431(16)

Drug Class: Platelet Inhibitors 434(3)

Drug Class: Anticoagulants 437(7)

Drug Class: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors 444(1)

Drug Class: Fibrinolytic Agents 444(3)

Drugs Used to Treat Heart Failure

Heart Failure 447(1)

Treatment of Heart Failure 448(3)

Drug Therapy for Heart Failure 451(12)

Drug Class: Digitalis Glycosides 456(2)

Drug Class: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors 458(2)

Drug Class: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors 460(1)

Drug Class: Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents 460(1)

Drug Class: Natriuretic Peptides 460(3)

Drugs Used for Diuresis

Drug Therapy with Diuretics 463(17)

Drug Class: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor 467(1)

Drug Class: Methylxanthines 468(1)

Drug Class: Loop Diuretics 468(5)

Drug Class: Thiazide Diuretics 473(2)

Drug Class: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics 475(3)

Drug Class: Combination Diuretic Products 478(2)

UNIT FIVE DRUGS USED TO TREAT DISORDERS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Drugs Used to Treat Upper Respiratory Disease

Upper Respiratory Tract Anatomy and Physiology 480(1)

Common Upper Respiratory Diseases 481(1)

Treatment of Upper Respiratory Diseases 482(1)

Drug Therapy for Upper Respiratory Diseases 483(8)

Drug Class: Sympathomimetic Decongestants 484(2)

Drug Class: Antihistamines 486(1)

Drug Class: Respiratory Antiinflammatory Agents 487(4)

Drugs Used to Treat Lower Respiratory Disease

Lower Respiratory Tract Anatomy and Physiology 491(2)

Common Lower Respiratory Diseases 493(2)

Treatment of Lower Respiratory Diseases 495(3)

Drug Therapy for Lower Respiratory Diseases 498(22)

Drug Class: Expectorants 503(2)

Drug Class: Potassium Iodide 505(1)

Drug Class: Saline Solutions 505(1)

Drug Class: Antitussive Agents 505(1)

Drug Class: Mucolytic Agents 506(1)

Drug Class: Beta-Adrenergic Bronchodilating Agents 507(1)

Drug Class: Anticholinergic Bronchodilating Agents 508(3)

Drug Class: Xanthine-Derivative Bronchodilating Agents 511(1)

Drug Class: Respiratory Antiinflammatory Agents 512(1)

Drug Class: Antileukotriene Agents 513(2)

Drug Class: Immunomodulator Agent 515(1)

Drug Class: Miscellaneous Antiinflammatory Agents 516(4)

UNIT SIX DRUGS AFFECTING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Drugs Used to Treat Oral Disorders

Mouth Disorders 520(2)

Drug Therapy for Mouth Disorders 522(5)

Drug Class: Dentifrices 525(1)

Drug Class: Mouthwashes 525(2)

Drugs Used to Treat Gastroesophageal Reflux and Peptic Ulcer Diseases

Physiology of the Stomach 527(1)

Common Stomach Disorders 527(1)

Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux and Peptic Ulcer Diseases 528(1)

Drug Therapy for Gastroesophageal Reflux and Peptic Ulcer Diseases 529(13)

Drug Class: Antacids 530(3)

Drug Class: Histamine (H2)-Receptor Antagonists 533(2)

Drug Class: Gastrointestinal Prostaglandins 535(1)

Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitors 535(1)

Drug Class: Coating Agents 536(1)

Drug Class: Prokinetic Agents 537(1)

Drug Class: Antispasmodic Agents 538(4)

Drugs Used to Treat Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea and Vomiting 542(1)

Common Causes of Nausea and Vomiting 543(2)

Drug Therapy for Selected Causes of Nausea and Vomiting 545(15)

Drug Class: Dopamine Antagonists 549(1)

Drug Class: Serotonin Antagonists 549(6)

Drug Class: Anticholinergic Agents 555(1)

Drug Class: Corticosteroids 555(1)

Drug Class: Benzodiazepines 556(1)

Drug Class: Cannabinoids 556(1)

Drug Class: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists 557(3)

Drugs Used to Treat Constipation and Diarrhea

Constipation 560(1)

Diarrhea 560(1)

Treatment of Altered Elimination 561(8)

Drug Class: Laxatives 563(2)

Drug Class: Antidiarrheal Agents 565(4)

UNIT SEVEN DRUGS AFFECTING THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Drugs Used to Treat Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus 569(2)

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus 571(1)

Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus 572(1)

Drug Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus 573(31)

Drug Class: Insulins 583(7)

Drug Class: Biguanide Oral Antidiabetic Agents 590(2)

Drug Class: Sulfonylurea Oral Hypoglycemic Agents 592(2)

Drug Class: Meglitinide Oral Hypoglycemic Agents 594(1)

Drug Class: Thiazolidinedione Oral Antidiabetic Agents 595(1)

Drug Class: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor Agents 596(2)

Drug Class: Incretin-Mimetic Agent 598(2)

Drug Class: Amylinomimetic Agent 600(1)

Drug Class: Antihypoglycemic Agents 601(3)

Drugs Used to Treat Thyroid Disease

Thyroid Gland 604(1)

Thyroid Diseases 604(1)

Treatment of Thyroid Diseases 605(1)

Drug Therapy for Thyroid Diseases 605(10)

Drug Class: Thyroid Replacement Hormones 607(4)

Drug Class: Antithyroid Medicines 611(4)

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids 615(4)

Drug Therapy with Corticosteroids 619(5)

Drug Class: Mineralocorticoids 619(1)

Drug Class: Glucocorticoids 620(4)

Gonadal Hormones

The Gonads and Gonadal Hormones 624(1)

Drug Therapy with Gonadal Hormones 625(8)

Drug Class: Estrogens 625(3)

Drug Class: Progestins 628(1)

Drug Class: Androgens 629(4)

UNIT EIGHT DRUGS AFFECTING THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Drugs Used in Obstetrics

Obstetrics 633(9)

Drug Therapy in Pregnancy 642(15)

Drug Class: Uterine Stimulants 642(6)

Drug Class: Uterine Relaxants 648(4)

Drug Class: Other Agents 652(2)

Drug Class: Neonatal Ophthalmic Solutions 654(3)

Drugs Used in Men's and Women's Health

Vaginitis 657(1)

Drug Therapy for Leukorrhea and Genital Infections 657(5)

Drug Therapy for Contraception 662(10)

Drug Class: Oral Contraceptives 662(7)

Drug Class: Transdermal Contraceptives 669(2)

Drug Class: Intravaginal Hormonal Contraceptive 671(1)

Drug Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) 672(4)

Drug Class: Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Agents 673(2)

Drug Class: Antiandrogen Agents 675(1)

Drug Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction 676(4)

Drug Class: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors 676(4)

UNIT NINE DRUGS AFFECTING OTHER BODY SYSTEMS

Drugs Used to Treat Disorders of the Urinary System

Urinary Tract Infections 680(3)

Drug Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections 683(5)

Urinary Antimicrobial Agents 683(1)

Drug Class: Fosfomycin Antibiotics 684(1)

Drug Class: Quinolone Antibiotics 685(1)

Drug Class: Other Urinary Antibacterial Agents 686(2)

Drug Therapy for Overactive Bladder Syndrome 688(2)

Drug Class: Anticholinergic Agents for Overactive Bladder Syndrome 689(1)

Miscellaneous Urinary Agents 690(3)

Drugs Used to Treat Glaucoma and Other Eye Disorders

Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye 693(1)

General Considerations for Topical Ophthalmic Drug Therapy 694(1)

Glaucoma 695(1)

Drug Therapy for Glaucoma 696(11)

Drug Class: Osmotic Agents 698(3)

Drug Class: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors 701(1)

Drug Class: Cholinergic Agents 702(2)

Drug Class: Cholinesterase Inhibitors 704(1)

Drug Class: Adrenergic Agents 704(2)

Drug Class: Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents 706(1)

Drug Class: Prostaglandin Agonists 707(1)

Other Ophthalmic Agents 707(7)

Drug Class: Anticholinergic Agents 707(1)

Drug Class: Antifungal Agents 708(1)

Drug Class: Antiviral Agents 709(1)

Drug Class: Antibacterial Agents 710(1)

Drug Class: Corticosteroids 710(1)

Drug Class: Ophthalmic Antiinflammatory Agents 711(1)

Drug Class: Antihistamines 711(1)

Drug Class: Antiallergic Agents 711(1)

Drug Class: Sodium Fluorescein 712(1)

Drug Class: Artificial Tear Solutions 712(1)

Drug Class: Ophthalmic Irrigants 712(1)

Drug Class: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Antagonist 712(2)

Drugs Affecting Neoplasms

Cancer and the Use of Antineoplastic Agents 714(2)

Drug Therapy for Cancer 716(19)

Drug Class: Alkylating Agents 729(2)

Drug Class: Antimetabolites 731(1)

Drug Class: Natural Products 731(1)

Drug Class: Antineoplastic Antibiotics 731(1)

Drug Class: Hormones 732(3)

Drugs Used to Treat the Muscular System

Muscle Relaxants and Neuromuscular Blocking Agents 735(4)

Drug Therapy for Muscle Disorders 739(6)

Drug Class: Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 739(1)

Drug Class: Direct-Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxant 740(1)

Drug Class: Neuromuscular Blocking Agents 741(4)

Antimicrobial Agents

Antimicrobial Agents 745(5)

Drug Therapy for Infectious Disease 750(50)

Drug Class: Aminoglycosides 750(2)

Drug Class: Carbapenems 752(2)

Drug Class: Cephalosporins 754(2)

Drug Class: Glycyclines 756(1)

Drug Class: Ketolides 757(1)

Drug Class: Macrolides 758(2)

Drug Class: Penicillins 760(2)

Drug Class: Quinolones 762(2)

Drug Class: Streptogramins 764(1)

Drug Class: Sulfonamides 765(1)

Drug Class: Tetracyclines 766(1)

Drug Class: Antitubercular Agents 767(3)

Drug Class: Miscellaneous Antibiotics 770(7)

Drug Class: Topical Antifungal Agents 777(2)

Drug Class: Systemic Antifungal Agents 779(6)

Drug Class: Antiviral Agents 785(15)

Drug Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections 800(3)

Nutrition

Principles of Nutrition 803(4)

Dietary Reference Intakes 807(9)

Physical Activity 816(1)

Malnutrition 817(11)

Enteral Nutrition 821(3)

Parenteral Nutrition 824(4)

Herbal and Dietary Supplement Therapy

Herbal Medicines, Dietary Supplements, and Rational Therapy 828(2)

Herbal Therapy 830(8)

Other Dietary Supplements 838(6)

Substance Abuse

Definitions of Substance Abuse 844(1)

Substances of Abuse 845(1)

Theories on Why Substances are Abused 845(3)

Signs of Impairment 848(1)

Screening for Alcohol and Substance Abuse 848(1)

Health Professionals and Substance Abuse 849(2)

Principles of Treatment for Substance Abuse 851(12)

Miscellaneous Agents

Miscellaneous Agents 863(10)
Bibliography 873(4)
Illustration Credits 877(2)
Index 879(28)
Answers to Math Review and Content Review Questions 907