Intercultural communication

　　Chapter One Introduction to Intercultural Communication 1
　　1. The Chronological Development of Intercultural Communication / 1
　　 (1) The Contemporary Intercultural Communication in the U.S.A. / 2
　　 (2) Intercultural Communication in China / 4
　　2. The Nature of Intercultural Communication / 5
　　3. Factors of the Development of Intercultural Communication / 6
　　 (1) Technological Development / 6
　　 (2) Globalization of the Economy / 7
　　 (3) Widespread Population Migration / 8
　　4. Why Study Intercultural Communication / 9
　　Chapter Two Culture and Cultural Patterns 21
　　1. The Nature of Culture / 21
　　2. Characteristics of Culture / 22
　　3. Whole Culture and Subculture / 24
　　4. The Nature of Cultural Patterns / 25
　　5. Components of Cultural Patterns / 26
　　 (1) Beliefs / 26
　　 (2) Values / 26
　　 (3) Norms / 27
　　 (4) Social Practices / 27
　　6. An Overview of Five Cultural Orientations / 28
　　 (1) Activity Orientation / 29
　　 (2) Social Relations Orientation / 31
　　 (3) Self-Orientation / 32
　　 (4) World Orientation / 33
　　 (5) Time orientation / 36
　　7. Cultural Patterns and Intercultural Competence / 37
　　Chapter Three Culture and Cultural Context 46
　　1. Cultural Context / 46
　　2. Individualism and Collectivism / 47
　　 (l) Individualism / 48
　　 l) The American Values of Individualism / 48
　　 (2) Collectivism / 51
　　 1) The Japanese Values of Collectivism / 52
　　 2) The Chinese Values of Collectivism / 53
　　 (3) Individualist-Collectivist Priorities / 54
　　3. Low-Context and High-Context Communication / 54
　　 (l) Low-context Communication / 54
　　 (2) High-context Communication / 55
　　 (3) Characteristics of Low-Context and High-Context Communication / 56
　　4. Value Orientations / 57
　　 (l) The Nature of Values / 57
　　 (2) Western Values / 58
　　 (3) Eastern Values / 59
　　5. Values and Communication / 60
　　Chapter Four Physical Environment and Culture 70
　　1. Physical Environment and Culture / 70
　　2. Natural Environment and Culture / 71
　　3. The Built Environment and Culture / 73
　　4. City Architectural Styles and Culture / 74
　　5. House Designs and Culture / 77
　　6. Group and Individual Field Protection and Culture / 78
　　7. Privacy / 79
　　8. Time Orientations / 80
　　 (l) Monochronic Time Orientation / 81
　　 (2) Polychronic Time Orientation / 82
　　 (3) Characteristics of Monochronic and Polychronic Time Orientation / 82
　　Chapter Five Communication and Culture 95
　　1. Notion of Communication / 95
　　2. Components of Communication / 96
　　3. Characteristics of Communication / 98
　　 (1) Communication Is Symbolic / 98
　　 (2) Communication Is Interpretive / 99
　　 (3) Communication Is Transactional / 100
　　 (4) Communication is Contextual / 100
　　 (5) Communication Is Dynamic / 101
　　4. Patterns of Thinking / 102
　　 (1) The Western Pattern of Thinking / 102
　　 (2) The Eastern Pattern of Thinking / 102
　　5. Communicative Behavior/103
　　6. Communication Apprehension / 104
　　7. Communicative Styles / 105
　　 (1) Direct Communicative Style / 106
　　 (2) Indirect Communicative Style / 106
　　 Japanese Communicative Style vs American Commtmicative Style / 107
　　8. Communication Skills/108
　　9. The Relationship Between Culture and Communication / 109
　　Chapter Six Language and Culture 118
　　1. The Nature of Language / 118
　　2. The Structure of Human Language / 119
　　 (1) Phonological System / 119
　　 (2) Morphological System / 120
　　 (3) Syntactic System / 121
　　 (4) Semantic System / 121
　　 (5) Pragmatic System / 123
　　 3. Characteristics of Language / 125
　　 (1) Language Is Symbolic / 125
　　 (2) Language Is Rule-governed / 125
　　 (3) Language Is Subjective / 125
　　 (4) Language Is Dynamic / 126
　　4. The Relationship Between Language and Culture / 126
　　5. Benefits of Learning Another Language and Intercultural
　　 Competence / 129
　　Chapter Seven Nonverbal Communication and Culture 137
　　1. The Nature of Nonverbal Communication / 137
　　2. The Evolution of Nonverbal Communication Study / 138
　　3. Functions of Nonverbal Communication / 139
　　4. Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication/140
　　5. Types of Nonverbal Communication/142
　　 (1) Kinesics / 143
　　 (2) Oculesics / 144
　　 (3) Haptics / 145
　　 (4) Proxemics / 146
　　 (5) Chronemics / 147
　　6. Nonverbal Communication and Culture / 151
　　7. The Relationship Between Verbal and Nonverbal Communication / 151
　　Chapter Eight Intercultural Adaptation, Intercultural Conflict and
　　 Intercultural Communication Competence 159
　　1. Intercultural Adaptation / 159
　　 (1) Acculturation / 160
　　 (2) Culture Shock / 161
　　 1) Concept of Culture Shock/161
　　 2) Symptoms of Culture Shock / 162
　　 3) Positive and Negative Implications of Culture Shock / 162
　　 4) Strategies for Managing Culture Shock / 163
　　 (3) The U-Curve of Cultural Adaptation / 165
　　2. Intercultural Conflict / 167
　　 (1) The Nature of Intercultural Conflict / 167
　　 (2) Face / 168
　　 (3) Facework / 168
　　 (4) Communication Styles of Managing Conflict/169
　　 (5) Suggestions for Effective Management of Intercultural Conflict / 170
　　 1) Tips for Individualists to Deal with Conflict / 170
　　 2) Tips for Collectivists to Deal with Conflict / 171
　　3. Intercultural Communication Competence/172
　　 (1) Components of Intercultural Communication Competence / 173
　　 (2) Requirements of Intercultural Communication Competence / 174
　　GLOSSARY 185
　　REFERENCES 193