An Introduction to Functional Grammar

prefacebyhalliday

王宗炎序

导读

foreword

prefacetothesecondedition

introduction

partitheclause

1constituency

1.1constituencyinwriting

1.2constituencyinspeech

1.3rhythm:thefoot

1.4intonation:thetonegroup

1.5syllablesandphonemes

1.6thesignificanceofconstituentstructure

2towardsafunctionalgrammar

2.1grammaticalconstituency

2.2maximalandminimalbracketing

2.3labelling

2.4classesandfunctions

2.5subject,actor,theme

.2.6threelinesofmeaningintheclause

3clauseasmessage

3.1themeandrheme

3.2simplethemesofmorethanonegrouporphrase

3.3themeandmood

3.4othercharacteristicthemes

3.5multiplethemes

3.6clausesasthemes

3.7predicatedthemes

3.8themeindependent,minorandellipticalclauses

3.9thematicinterpretationofatext

4clauseasexchange

4.1thenatureofdialogue

4.2themoodelement

4.2.1structureofthemood

4.2.2meaningofsubjectandfinite

4.3otherelementsofmoodstructure

4.3.1structureoftheresidue

4.3.2modaladjuncts

4.3.3conjunctiveadjuncts

4.3.4vocativesandexpletives

4.4wh-interrogative,exclamativeandimperativeclauses

4.5polarityandmodality

4.6absenceofelementsofthemodalstructure

4.6.1ellipsis

4.6.2minorclauses

4.7clauseassubject

4.8texts

5clauseasrepresentation

5.1process,participantandcircumstance

5.1.1modellingexperience

5.1.2process,participantsandcircumstances

5.2materialprocesses:processesofdoing

5.3mentalprocesses:processesofsensing

5.4relationalprocesses:processesofbeing

5.4.1relationalprocesses

5.4.2intensiveprocesses:attributive

5.4.3intensiveprocesses:identifying

5.4.4tokenandvalue

5.4.5summaryofattributiveandidentifying(intensive)clauses

5.4.6circumstantialandpossessiveprocesses

5.5otherprocesstypes;summaryofprocesstypes

5.5.1behaviouralprocesses

5.5.2verbalprocesses

5.5.3existentialprocesses

5.5.4summaryofprocesstypes

5.6otherparticipantfunctions

5.6.1beneficiary

5.6.2range

5.7circumstantialelements

5.7.1typesofcircumstance

5.7.2thestatusofcircumstances

5.8transitivityandvoice:anotherinterpretationpartiiabove,belowandbeyondtheclause

6belowtheclause:groupsandphrases

6.1groupsandphrases

6.2nominalgroup

6.2.1experientialstructureofthenominalgroup:fromdeictictoclassifier

6.2.2experientialstructureofthenominalgroup:interpretationofordering;thequalifier

6.2.3experientialstructureofthenominalgroup:thething

6.2.4anoteoninterpersonalandtextualcontributions

6.2.5logicalstructureofthenominalgroup

6.2.6headandthing

6.3verbalgroup

6.3.1experientialstructureoftheverbalgroup

6.3.2logicalstructureoftheverbalgroup

6.3.3finite,sequentandnon-finitetensesystems

6.3.4phrasalverbs

6.4adverbialgroup,conjunctiongroup,prepositiongroup

6.4.1adverbialgroup

6.4.2conjunctiongroup

6.4.3prepositiongroup

6.5prepositionalphrase

6.6summaryofwordclasses

7abovetheclause:theclausecomplex

7.1'clausecomplex'and'sentence'

7.2typesofrelationshipbetweenclauses

7.3typesofinterdependency:parataxisandhypotaxis

7.4elaborating,extending,enhancing:threekindsofexpansion

7.4.1elaboration

7.4.2extension

7.4.3enhancement

7.4.4expansionclausesthatarenotexplicitlymarkedfor

anylogical-semanticrelation

7.4.5embeddedexpansions

7.4.6acts

7.5reports,ideasandfacts:threekindsofprojection

7.5.1quoting('directspeech'):verbalprocess,parataxis

7.5.2reporting('indirectspeech'):mentalprocess,hypotaxis

7.5.3reportingspeech,quotingthought

7.5.4projectingoffersandcommands

7.5.5freeindirectspeech

7.5.6embeddedlocutionsandideas

7.5.7facts

7.5.8summaryofprojection

7additional:groupandphrasecomplexes

7a.1parataxis:groupsandphrases

7a.2hypotaxis:nominalgroup

7a.3hypotaxis:adverbialgroup/prepositionalphrase

7a.4hypotaxis:verbalgroup,expansion(1):general

7a.5hypotaxis:verbalgroup,expansion(2):passivesandcausatives

7a.6hypotaxis:verbalgroup,projection

8besidetheclause:intonationandrhythm

8.1introductory:footandtonegroup

8.2rhythm

8.3tonicity

8.4natureoftheinformationunit

8.5meaningofgivenandnew

8.6given+newandtheme+rheme

8.7tone

8.8tonicandpretonic

8.9key

8.10toneasexpressionofrelationshipinaunitcomplex

9aroundtheclause:cohesionanddiscourse

9.1theconceptofcohesion

9.2reference

9.3ellipsisandsubstitution

9.4conjunction

9.5lexicalcohesion

9.6thecreationoftexture

10beyondtheclause:metaphoricalmodesofexpression

10.1rhetoricaltransference

10.2grammaticalmetaphor

10.3ideationalmetaphors

10.3.1metaphorsoftransitivity

10.3.2therepresentationofmetaphoricalforms

10.3.3spokenandwrittenlanguage

10.3.4ideationalmetaphorsandnominalization

10.4interpersonalmetaphors

10.4.1metaphorsofmodality

10.4.2afurtheraccountofmodality

10.4.3metaphorsofmood

appendices

1the'silver'text:analysisandinterpretation

2anoteonthegrammaroflittletexts

3variationsonacausaltheme

furtherreading

bibliography