政府治理与医学发展：宋代医事诏令研究
作者： 韩毅 著
出版社：中国科学技术出版社 2014-3-1
简介： 医学在古代中国作为“仁政”之学，受到宋代皇帝和政府的高度重视。宋代政府发展医学的政策、措施和实施的医学活动，主要通过医事诏令的形式体现出来。医事诏令的制定、决策、发布与执行，体现了宋代国家的意志与需要。本书以宋代皇帝发布的医事诏令为研究对象，深入探讨政府治理与医学发展之间的关系。 宋代政府对医学采取了积极扶持和重点发展的态度，先后发布了2813条医事诏令，不仅数量庞大，而且内容丰富。宋政府组织实施的医学活动，主要有前代医学文献的校定，新医学著作的编撰，针灸铜人的研发与铸造，重大传染性疫病的应对，成药的生产与买卖，海外香药的输入与管理，医学机构的建立与管理，医学教育的分科与改革，医官的选任与磨勘，运气学理论的阐发与应用，以及巫医的控制与改造等。医事诏令不仅成为宋代政府发展医学的法律保障和政策依据，而且极大地促进了10—13世纪中国医学的进步、创新和发展。宋代皇帝和政府在医学发展中，发挥了政策制定者、组织实施者和成效管理者的角色，在中医基础理论、中医文献学、中医传染病学、中医临床学、中医方剂学、中医教育学、中兽医学以及医学管理等方面取得了突出的成就。 本书以科学社会史的研究理论与方法，探讨了医事诏令中所反映的与国家“仁政”思想和正统政治密切相关的医学，在宋代政府的支持与治理下是如何得到发展的。不仅丰富了科学史研究的视野，而且也拓展了医学史研究的内容，具有较强的借鉴意义。 Abstract InancientChina,medicinewasregardedasakindofbenevolentgovernanceandreceivedseriousattentionfromemperorsandgovernments.Themainmeansofdevelopingmedicinewasembodiedinmedicalimperialedicts,whoseformulation,releaseandexecutionreflectedthewillandchoiceofthecountry.ThebooktakesSongdynasty’smedicalimperialedictsastheresearchobjecttodiscussthepolicy,measurementandachievementofthegovernmentinmedicalaspect. Songdynasty’sgovernmenttookpositiveattitudestowardsmedicineandissued2813medicalimperialedicts,whichwasnotonlylargeinnumberbutalsorichincontent.Thegovernmentorganizedlotsofmedicalactivitiesinthefollowingfields:thecalibrationofthepreviousmedicalliterature,thewritingofnewmedicalbooks,theresearchandcastingofbronzeacupuncturestatus，theresponsetomajorinfectiousdiseases,productionandsaleofpatentmedicine,themanagementofoverseaaromaticdrug,theestablishmentandmanagementofmedicalinstitutions,thespecilizationanddevelopmentofmedicaleducation,theselectionandassessmentofmedicalofficers,theapplicationofdoctrineoffiveevolutivephasesandsixclimaticfactors,aswellasthecontrolandreformofwitchdoctors,whichwereinaleadingpositioninthemedicalhistoryofancientChina.Medicalimperialedictsnotonlyprovidedlawguaranteesandpolicybasisfornationalmedicaldevelopment,butalsogotmanyprominentachievementsinmedicalfields. Undergovernment,Songdynastymedicinesawimportantdevelopments,innovationsandachievements,andwasinaleadingpositioninthehistoryofChineseancientmedicine.Themaindisplayswerethefollowing:1)establishedarelativelycompletesystemofmedicineandmedicinedevelopmentenvironment;2)setuplotsofmedicalinstitutionandformedalargescalemedicalresearchteam;3)greatlyimprovedmedicalresearchlevelandinnovativeability,andsawsplendidachievements;4)brokethroughsomesignificantengineeringtechnology;5)benefittedcommonpeople;6)spreadofficialmedicinetosurroundingareas,andhadgreatimpacts.Therewasastrongrelationshipbetweengovernmentandthedevelopmentandinnovationofmedicine.Thetrendofspecialistandrefinementappearedinmedicalresearchandapplication. Thisbook,usingthetheoryandmethodofsocialhistoryofscience,putsfocusonthemedicinewhichhascloserelationshipwithbenevolentgovernanceandthestategovernment,thendiscussesitsdevelopmentunderthesupportandmanagementofthegovernment.Itnotonlyenrichestheviewofsciencehistorystudy,butalsoexpandsthecontentofmedicalhistorystudy,therefore,ithasacertainreferencevalue. Keywords:Songdynasty；emperor；government；imperialedict；Chinesemedicine
