The Chinese materia medica
作者: 北京中医药大学主编
出版社:学苑出版社,1998
简介:
片断:
GeneralDiscussion
1.ConceptsofChineseDrugs
ChineseDrugs:ThetraditionalChinesedrugsareoftwomajorcharacteris-
tics,mostofwhichareproducedinChina;andtheyareclinicallyusedtotreat
diseasesaccordingtothebasictheoryoftraditionalChinesemedicineandChinese
materiamedica.ChinesedrugsreflecttraditionalculturalfeaturesintheChinese
historyincertainaspects.
Herbs:Chinesedrugslargelycomefromplantswithmedicinalherbsastheir
mainstays.Therefore,sinceancienttimes,Chinesedrugshavebeencalled
herbs.
TheChineseMateriaMedica:TheChinesemateriamedica,animportant
componentpartofthetraditionalChinesemedicine,isaspecialsubjectforstudy-
ingthetheoryonpropertiesofChinesedrugs,theirproducingareas,collection,
preparation,effects,dosageandadministration.
2.TheOriginandDevelopmentofChineseDrugs
Chinesedrugsoriginatedfromproductiveandmedicalpracticebythe
labouringpeopleinancientChina.Therecordof"ShenNongtastingahundred
herbscameacross70toxicsubstancesinasingleday"isavividdescriptionofthe
discoveryanddevelopmentofChinesedrugsbythelabouringpeopleinancient
Chinaatenormouscostsinthestruggleagainstdiseases.
Asearlyastheprimitivetimes,whilelookingforfood,mankindaccidentally
discoveredthatsomeplantscouldalleviateoreliminatesufferingsfromdiseases.
Sincethen,peoplehavebeenactivelylookingfordrugs.
Inremoteantiquitywhenwrittenlanguageswerenotinvented,theknowl-
edgeaboutdrugscouldonlybedisseminatedandaccumulatedgenerationbygen-
erationinspokenlanguages.Aftertheinventionofwrittenlanguages,theknowl-
edgeaboutdrugscloselyrelatedtobirth,senility,illnessanddeathofpeoplewas
naturallyrecordedinwrittenlanguages.Medicinalwinewasrecordedwithin-
scriptionsonbonesortortoiseshellsintheShangDynasty.Drugswerealso
recordedinearlyhistoricalbooks.
WiththeincreaseinChinesedrugs,thedevelopmentoftheirpracticaluse
andtheresearchintotheoryontheirproperties,SpecialbooksonChineseherbs
werepublished.InthehistoryofthedevelopmentofChinesebooks,therewere
fiveherbalclassic:ShenNong'sHerbalClassicinlateEastHanDynasty,Vario-
rumofShenNong'sHerbalinLiangDynasty,TheNewly-RevisedMateriaMedi-
cainTangDynasty,ClassicClassifiedMateriaMedicaforEmergencyinSong
Dynasty,CompendiumofMateriaMedicainMingDynastyandSupplementto
theCompendiumofMateriaMedicainQingDynasty.Amongthem,ShenNong's
HerbalClassicistheearliestSpecialbookonChinesemateriamedica,TheNew-
ly-RevisedMateriaMedicaistheearliestpharmacopeialbook,andCompendium
ofMateriaMedicahasarelativelyenormousinfluenceintheworld.
SincethefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,traditionalChinese
medicineandtheChinesemateriamedicahasbeendevelopingrapidly.Tradition-
alherbsaredividedintoChineseMateriaMedica,MedicinalChemistryofChi-
neseDrugs,MedicinalBotanyofChinesedrugs,PharmacologyofChineseDrugs
andmanyotherrelatedsubjects.Asmanyas5767kindsofChinesedrugswere
compiledinChineseMateriaMedicaDictionarypublishedin1975,reflectingtoa
certainextentthelevelofthedevelopmentofChinesedrugsinthepresentage.