Cover
CCNA?: Cisco? Certified Network Associate
Software License Agreement: Terms and Conditions
Software Support
Warranty
Disclaimer
Shareware Distribution
Copy Protection
Acknowledgments
Contents at a Glance
Contents
Introduction
Cisco—A Brief History
Cisco\\u0027s Network Support Certifications
Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)
Why Become a CCNA?
What Skills Do You Need to Become a CCNA?
How Do You Become a CCNA?
Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP)
What Skills Do You Need to Become a CCNP?
How Do You Become a CCNP?
Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE)
How Do You Become a CCIE?
Cisco\\u0027s Network Design Certifications
Cisco Certified Design Associate (CCDA)
Cisco Certified Design Professional (CCDP)
Cisco Certified Security Professional (CCSP)
How Do You Become a CCSP?
Cisco Security Specializations
What Does This Book Cover?
How to Use This Book
What\\u0027s on the CD?
The Sybex Test Preparation Software
RouterSim\\u0027s CertSim
Electronic Flashcards for PC, Pocket PC, and Palm Devices
CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide in PDF
Where Do You Take the Exams?
Tips for Taking Your CCNA Exam
How to Contact the Author
Assessment Test
Answers to Assessment Test
Chapter 1 Internetworking
Internetworking Basics
Internetworking Models
The Layered Approach
Advantages of Reference Models
The OSI Reference Model
The Application Layer
The Presentation Layer
The Session Layer
The Transport Layer
Flow Control
Connection-Oriented Communication
Windowing
Acknowledgments
The Network Layer
The Data Link Layer
Switches and Bridges at the Data Link Layer
The Physical Layer
Hubs at the Physical Layer
Ethernet Networking
Half- and Full-Duplex Ethernet
Ethernet at the Data Link Layer
Ethernet Addressing
Ethernet Frames
802.2 and SNAP
802.2 Frame
SNAP Frame
Ethernet at the Physical Layer
Ethernet Cabling
Straight-Through Cable
Crossover Cable
Rolled Cable
Wireless Networking
Data Encapsulation
The Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical Model
The Core Layer
The Distribution Layer
The Access Layer
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab 1
Written Lab 1.1: OSI Questions
Written Lab 1.2: Defining the OSI Layers and Devices
Written Lab 1.3: Identifying Collision and Broadcast Domains
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 1.1
Answer to Written Lab 1.2
Answers to Written Lab 1.3
Chapter 2 Internet Protocols
TCP/IP and the DoD Model
The Process/Application Layer Protocols
Telnet
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Network File System (NFS)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Line Printer Daemon (LPD)
X Window
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Domain Name Service (DNS)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)/BootP (Bootstrap Protocol)
The Host-to-Host Layer Protocols
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
TCP Segment Format
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
UDP Segment Format
Key Concepts of Host-to-Host Protocols
Port Numbers
TCP Session: Source Port
TCP Session: Destination Port
The Internet Layer Protocols
Internet Protocol (IP)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)
Proxy Address Resolution Protocol (Proxy ARP)
Binary to Decimal and Hexadecimal Conversion
IP Addressing
IP Terminology
The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme
Network Addressing
Network Address Range: Class A
Network Address Range: Class B
Network Address Range: Class C
Network Address Ranges: Classes D and E
Network Addresses: Special Purpose
Class A Addresses
Class A Valid Host IDs
Class B Addresses
Class B Valid Host IDs
Class C Addresses
Class C Valid Host IDs
Private IP Addresses
Broadcast Addresses
Introduction to Network Address Translation (NAT)
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab 2
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 2
Chapter 3 IP Subnetting and Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs)
Subnetting Basics
IP Subnet-Zero
How to Create Subnets
Subnet Masks
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
Subnetting Class C Addresses
The Binary Method: Subnetting a Class C Address
The Fast Way: Subnetting a Class C Address
Subnetting Practice Examples: Class C Addresses
Practice Example #1C: 255.255.255.192 (/26)
Practice Example #2C: 255.255.255.224 (/27)
Practice Example #3C: 255.255.255.240 (/28)
Practice Example #4C: 255.255.255.248 (/29)
Practice Example #5C: 255.255.255.252 (/30)
Practice Example #6C: 255.255.255.128 (/25)
Subnetting in Your Head: Class C Addresses
What Do We Know?
/26
/27
/28
/29
/30
Subnetting Class B Addresses
Subnetting Practice Examples: Class B Addresses
Practice Example #1B: 255.255.192.0 (/18)
PRACTICE EXAMPLE #2B:255.255.240.(/20)
Practice Example #3B: 255.255.254.0 (/23)
Practice Example #4B: 255.255.255.0 (/24)
Practice Example #5B: 255.255.255.128 (/25)
Practice Example #6B: 255.255.255.192 (/26)
Practice Example #7B: 255.255.255.224 (/27)
Subnetting in Your Head: Class B Addresses
Subnetting Class A Addresses
Subnetting Practice Examples: Class A Addresses
Practice Example #1A: 255.255.0.0 (/16)
Practice Example #2A: 255.255.240.0 (/20)
Practice Example #3A: 255.255.255.192 (/26)
Subnetting in Your Head: Class A Addresses
Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs)
VLSM Design
Implementing VLSM Networks
Summarization
Troubleshooting IP Addressing
Determining IP Address Problems
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab 3
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 3
Chapter 4 Introduction to the Cisco IOS
The Cisco Router User Interface
Cisco Router IOS
Connecting to a Cisco Router
Bringing Up a Router
Setup Mode
Command-Line Interface
Logging into the Router
Overview of Router Modes
CLI Prompts
Interfaces
Subinterfaces
Line Commands
Routing Protocol Configurations
Editing and Help Features
Gathering Basic Routing Information
Router and Switch Administrative Functions
Hostnames
Banners
Setting Passwords
Enable Passwords
Auxiliary Password
Console Password
Telnet Password
Encrypting Your Passwords
Descriptions
Router Interfaces
Bringing Up an Interface
Configuring an IP Address on an Interface
Serial Interface Commands
Viewing, Saving, and Erasing Configurations
Verifying Your Configuration
Verifying with the show interface Command
Verifying with the show ip interface Command
Using the show ip interface brief Command
Verifying with the show protocols Command
Using the show controllers Command
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab 4
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 4.1: Logging into a Router
Hands-on Lab 4.2: Using the Help and Editing Features
Hands-on Lab 4.3: Saving a Router Configuration
Hands-on Lab 4.4: Setting Your Passwords
Hands-on Lab 4.5: Setting the Hostname, Descriptions, IP Address, and Clock Rate
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 4
Chapter 5 IP Routing
Routing Basics
The IP Routing Process
Testing Your IP Routing Understanding
IP Routing in a Larger Network
Lab_A Configuration
Lab_B Configuration
Lab_C Configuration
Configuring IP Routing in Our Network
Static Routing
Lab_B
Lab_C
Verifying Your Configuration
Default Routing
Dynamic Routing
Routing Protocol Basics
Administrative Distances
Routing Protocols
Distance-Vector Routing Protocols
Routing Table
Maximum Hop Count
Split Horizon
Route Poisoning
Holddowns
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
RIP Timers
Configuring RIP Routing
Lab_A
Lab_B
Lab_C
Verifying the RIP Routing Tables
Holding Down RIP Propagations
RIP Version 2 (RIPv2)
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)
IGRP Timers
Configuring IGRP Routing
Lab_A
Lab_B
Lab_C
Verifying the IGRP Routing Tables
Troubleshooting IGRP
Using Both RIP and IGRP
Verifying Your Configurations
The show protocols Command
The show ip protocols Command
The debug ip rip Command
The debug ip igrp Command
The debug ip igrp events Command
The debug ip igrp transactions Command
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab 5
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 5.1: Creating Static Routes
Hands-on Lab 5.2: Dynamic Routing with RIP
Hands-on Lab 5.3: Dynamic Routing with IGRP
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 5
Chapter 6 Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
EIGRP Features and Operation
Protocol-Dependent Modules
Neighbor Discovery
Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP)
Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
Using EIGRP to Support Large Networks
Multiple ASes
VLSM Support and Summarization
Route Discovery and Maintenance
EIGRP Metrics
Maximum Paths and Hop Count
Configuring EIGRP
Lab_A
Lab_B
Lab_C
Configuring Discontiguous Networks
Verifying EIGRP
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Basics
OSPF Terminology
SPF Tree Calculation
Configuring OSPF
Enabling OSPF
Configuring OSPF Areas
Lab_A
Lab_B
Lab_C
Verifying OSPF Configuration
The show ip ospf Command
The show ip ospf database Command
The show ip ospf interface Command
The show ip ospf neighbor Command
The show ip protocols Command
OSPF and Loopback Interfaces
Configuring Loopback Interfaces
Verifying Loopbacks and RIDs
Troubleshooting OSPF
Configuring EIGRP and OSPF Summary Routes
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab 6
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 6.1: Configuring and Verifying EIGRP
Hands-on Lab 6.2: Enabling the OSPF Process
Hands-on Lab 6.3: Configuring OSPF Neighbors
Hands-on Lab 6.4: Verifying OSPF Operation
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 6
Chapter 7 Layer 2 Switching
Before Layer 2 Switching
Switching Services
Limitations of Layer 2 Switching
Bridging vs. LAN Switching
Three Switch Functions at Layer 2
Address Learning
Forward/Filter Decisions
Loop Avoidance
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
Spanning Tree Terms
Spanning Tree Operations
Selecting the Root Bridge
Selecting the Root Port
Spanning-Tree Port States
Convergence
Spanning Tree Example
LAN Switch Types
Cut-Through (Real Time)
FragmentFree (Modified Cut-Through)
Store-and-Forward
Configuring the Catalyst 1900 and 2950 Switches
1900 and 2950 Switch Startup
Setting the Passwords
Setting the User Mode and Enable Mode Passwords
Setting the Enable Secret Password
Setting the Hostname
Setting IP Information
Configuring Interface Descriptions
Setting Port Security on a Catalyst Switch
Erasing the Switch Configuration
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab 7
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 7.1: Switch Basic Administrative Configurations
Hands-on Lab 7.2: Verifying the Switch Configurations
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 7
Chapter 8 Virtual LANs (VLANs)
VLAN Basics
Broadcast Control
Security
Flexibility and Scalability
VLAN Memberships
Static VLANs
Dynamic VLANs
Identifying VLANs
Frame Tagging
VLAN Identification Methods
Inter-Switch Link (ISL) Protocol
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
VTP Modes of Operation
VTP Pruning
Routing between VLANs
Configuring VLANs
Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs
Configuring Trunk Ports
Trunking with the Cisco Catalyst 3550 switch
Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing
Configuring VTP
Configuring Switching in Our Sample Internetwork
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab 8
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 8
Chapter 9 Managing a Cisco Internetwork
The Internal Components of a Cisco Router
The Router Boot Sequence
Managing Configuration Registers
Understanding the Configuration Register Bits
Checking the Current Configuration Register Value
Changing the Configuration Register
Recovering Passwords
Interrupting the Router Boot Sequence
Changing the Configuration Register
Reloading the Router and Entering Privileged Mode
Viewing and Changing the Configuration
Resetting the Configuration Register and Reloading the Router
Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco IOS
Verifying Flash Memory
Backing Up the Cisco IOS
Restoring or Upgrading the Cisco Router IOS
Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco Configuration
Backing Up the Cisco Router Configuration
Verifying the Current Configuration
Verifying the Stored Configuration
Copying the Current Configuration to NVRAM
Copying the Configuration to a TFTP Server
Restoring the Cisco Router Configuration
Erasing the Configuration
Using Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
Getting CDP Timers and Holdtime Information
Gathering Neighbor Information
Gathering Interface Traffic Information
Gathering Port and Interface Information
Using Telnet
Telnetting into Multiple Devices Simultaneously
Checking Telnet Connections
Checking Telnet Users
Closing Telnet Sessions
Resolving Hostnames
Building a Host Table
Using DNS to Resolve Names
Checking Network Connectivity
Using the ping Command
Using the traceroute Command
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab 9
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 9.1: Backing Up Your Router IOS
Hands-on Lab 9.2: Upgrading or Restoring Your Router IOS
Hands-on Lab 9.3: Backing Up the Router Configuration
Hands-on Lab 9.4: Using the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
Hands-on Lab 9.5: Using Telnet
Hands-on Lab 9.6: Resolving Hostnames
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 9
Chapter 10 Managing Traffic with Access Lists
Introduction to Access Lists
Standard Access Lists
Wildcard Masking
Standard Access List Example
Controlling VTY (Telnet) Access
Extended Access Lists
Extended Access List Example 1
Extended Access List Example 2
Named Access Lists
Monitoring Access Lists
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab 10
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 10.1: Standard IP Access Lists
Hands-on Lab 10.2: Extended IP Access Lists
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 10
Chapter 11 Wide Area Networking Protocols
Introduction to Wide Area Networks
Defining WAN Terms
WAN Connection Types
WAN Support
Cabling the Wide Area Network
Serial Transmission
Data Terminal Equipment and Data Communication Equipment
Fixed and Modular Interfaces
High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC) Protocol
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
Link Control Protocol (LCP) Configuration Options
PPP Session Establishment
PPP Authentication Methods
Configuring PPP on Cisco Routers
Configuring PPP Authentication
Verifying PPP Encapsulation
Debug PPP Authentication
Mismatched WAN Encapsulations
Mismatched IP Addresses
Frame Relay
Introduction to Frame Relay Technology
Frame Relay Technology
Committed Information Rate (CIR)
Frame Relay Encapsulation Types
Virtual Circuits
Data Link Connection Identifiers (DLCIs)
Local Management Interface (LMI)
Frame Relay Congestion Control
Troubleshooting Using Frame Relay Congestion Control
Frame Relay Implementation and Monitoring
Single Interface
Subinterfaces
Monitoring Frame Relay
The show frame-relay lmi Command
The show frame pvc Command
The show interface Command
The show frame map Command
The debug frame lmi Command
Troubleshooting Frame Relay Networks
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
ISDN Connections
ISDN Components
ISDN Terminals
ISDN Reference Points
ISDN Protocols
ISDN Switch Types
Basic Rate Interface (BRI)
Primary Rate Interface (PRI)
ISDN with Cisco Routers
Dial-on-Demand Routing (DDR)
Configuring DDR
Configuring Static Routes
Specifying Interesting Traffic
Configuring the Dialer Information
Troubleshooting ISDN DDR
Optional Commands
DDR with Access Lists
Verifying the ISDN Operation
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab 11
Hands-on Labs
Hands-on Lab 11.1: Configuring PPP Encapsulation and Authentication
Hands-on Lab 11.2: Configuring and Monitoring HDLC
Hands-on Lab 11.3: Configuring Frame Relay and Subinterfaces
Hands-on Lab 11.4: Configuring ISDN and BRI Interfaces
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Written Lab 11
Appendix A Commands in This Study Guide
Glossary
Index
Numbers
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y