PREFACE 6
AEPA2008 CONFERENCE ORGANIZERS 8
AEPA2008 Sponsoring Companies 12
CONTENTS 14
Part A Constitutive Modeling 28
Study on Softening Constitutive Model of Soft Rock Using Strain Space Based Unified Strength Theory L. Song, C. Cho, S. Lu and H. Liao 30
1. Introduction 30
2. Theoretical Background 31
3. The Unified Elasto-Plastic Softening Constitutive Model 32
4. Numerical Simulation and Discussion 33
5. Conclusion 34
Acknowledgment 35
References 35
Dynamic Crushing Simulation of Metallic Foams with Respect to Deformation and Energy Absorption Y. F. Zhang and L. M. Zhao 36
1. Introduction 36
2. Model 37
2.1. Dynamical equilibrium equations 37
2.2. The constitutive relationships and energy absorption 38
3. Results and Discussion 39
3.1. The deformation analysis of aluminum foams 39
3.2. The energy absorption of aluminum foams 40
4. Conclusions 41
Acknowledgments 42
References 42
Comparative Study of Single Crystal Constitutive Equations for Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Analysis M. G. Lee, R. H. Wagoner and S.-J. Kim 43
1. Introduction 43
2. Single Crystal Constitutive Equations for Crystal Plasticity 44
3. Results and Discussion 46
3.1. Stress-strain response by the phenomenological model 46
3.2. Stress-strain response by dislocation density based model 47
4. Summary 48
Acknowledgments 48
References 48
Plastic Deformation Behavior of High Strength Steel Sheet under Non-Proportional Loading and Its Modeling T. Uemori, Y. Mito, S. Sumikawa, R. Hino, F. Yoshida and T. Naka 49
1. Introduction 49
2. Experimental Procedure 50
2.1. Uniaxial tension tests 50
2.2. Bi-axial tension experiments 50
3. Yoshida-Uemori Model 51
4. Results and Discussion 52
5. Conclusions 53
References 54
A Full Constitutive Relation of Silicon-Steel Sheet with Anisotropyc Considered S. M. Byon, U. K. Yoo and Y. Lee 55
1. Introduction 55
2. Experiments 56
2.1. Pilot cold rolling 56
2.2. Tensile test 57
3. Constitutive Relation 57
3.1. Hardening region 57
3.2. Softening region 58
4. Results and Discussion 58
5. Concluding Remarks 60
Acknowledgments 60
References 60
Some Remarks on Rate-Sensitivity of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys O. Bruhns 61
1. Introduction 61
2. Material and Experimental Procedures 62
3. Experimental Results and Discussion 63
3.1. Simple tension 63
3.2. Combined box tests in the first axial/torsional strain-strain quadrant 64
4. Conclusions 66
References 67
Creep Analysis for a Wide Stress Range Based on Stress Relaxation Experiments H. Altenbach, K. Naumenko and Y. Gorash 68
1. Introduction 68
2. Creep Modeling for a Wide Stress Range 69
3. Conclusions and outlook 72
References 73
Damage-Coupled Constitutive Model for Uniaxial Ratcheting and Fatigue Failure of 304 Stainless Steel G. Kang, J. Ding and Y. Liu 74
1. Introduction 74
2. Evolution of Damage 75
3. Damage-coupled Visco-plastic Constitutive Model 76
4. Simulations and Discussion 77
4.1. Determination of material parameters and failure criterion 77
4.2. Simulations to uniaxial whole-life ratcheting and failure lives 77
4.3. Discussion 78
5. Conclusions 79
Acknowledgments 79
References 79
An Improved Analytical Constitutive Relation for Normal Weight High-Strength Concrete Z. H. Lu and Y. G. Zhao 80
1. Introduction 80
2. Some of Existing Analytical Models for the Complete Stress-Strain Curves 81
3. New Proposal for the Complete Stress-Strain Curve of HSC 83
3.1. Formulations for the complete stress-strain curve 83
3.2. Initial tangent modulus of elasticity and strain at peak compressive stress 83
3.3. Verification of the new proposal 85
4. Conclusions 85
Acknowledgments 85
References 85
Thermomechanical Response of the Rotary Forged WHA over a Wide Range of Strain Rates and Temperatures W. G. Guo, C. Qu and F. L. Liu 86
1. Introduction 86
2. Experimental Procedure and Results 87
2.1. Material and samples 87
2.2. Low and high strain-rate experiments 88
2.3. Experimental results and discussion 88
2.4. Failure strain evaluation of the rotary forged WHA 88
3. A Physically Based Constitutive Model 89
4. Conclusions 91
Acknowledgments 92
References 92
Creep Constitutive Relationships and Cyclic Behaviors of Sn96:5Ag3Cu0.5 under High Temperatures J.-H. Liu, X.-Q. Meng and J.-Q. Xu 93
1. Introduction 93
2. Creep Experiments and Results 94
3. Constitutive Relationships 96
4. Cyclic Deformation Behaviors 97
5. Conclusions 98
Acknowledgment 99
References 99
Part B Damage, Fracture, Fatigue and Failure 100
Plastic Deformation of Polymer Interlayers During Post-Breakage Behavior of Laminated Glass \u2014 Partim 2: Experimental Validation D. Delinc e, D. Callewaert, W. Vanlaere, J. Belis and J. Depauw 102
1. Introduction 102
2. Materials 103
3. Methods and Test Description 103
4. Results 104
5. Analysis and Discussion 106
6. Conclusions 107
Acknowledgments 107
References 107
Study on the Fracture Behavior of W-Ni-Fe Heavy Alloys W. Song, J. Ning and H. Liu 108
1. Introduction 108
2. Tensile Tests 109
2.1. Experimental set-up and procedure 109
2.2. Experimental results 109
3. Numerical Simulations 110
3.1. Finite element model 110
3.2. Numerical simulations on the fracture patterns 110
3.2.1. Ductile fracture of the matrix 110
3.2.2. Interface debonding and particle fracture 111
3.2.3. Random model of tungsten alloy 111
4. Conclusions 113
Acknowledgments 113
References 113
Analysis of Collision Between Drillstring and Well Sidewall G. H. Zhao and Z. Liang 114
1. Introduction 114
2. Mechanical Analysis 115
3. Numerical Simulation 118
4. Conclusion 119
Acknowledgments 119
References 119
FE Simulation of Edge Crack Initiation and Propagation of Conventional Grain Orientation Electrical Steel D. H. Na and Y. Lee 120
1. Introduction 120
2. Roll Bending During Cold Rolling 121
3. Finite Element Analysis 122
3.1. FE modeling and mesh 122
3.2. Failure simulation 122
4. Result and Discussion 123
4.1. Crack initiation and propagation when no initial edge crack is on the strip 123
4.2. Crack initiation and propagation when initial an edge crack is on the strip 124
5. Conclusions 125
Acknowledgments 125
References 125
Prediction of the Delamination in the Pearlitic Steel Filaments by 3 Dimenaional Atom Probe Tomography Y. S. Yang, C. G. Park, J. G. Bae and D. Y. Ban 126
1. Introduction 126
2. Experimental Procedure 127
3. Results 127
3.1. Microstructure 127
3.2. Tensile strength and torsional ductility 130
4. Discussion 130
5. Summary 131
Acknowledgments 131
References 131
Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Zn-22Al Alloy in Superplastic Region and Non-Superplastic Region A. Kushibe, T. Tanaka, Y. Takigawa and K. Higashi 132
1. Introduction 132
2. Experimental Procedures 133
3. Results and Discussion 134
4. Summary 137
Acknowledgment 137
References 137
Temperature Dependent Fracture Model and Its Application to Ultra Heavy Thick Steel Plate Used for Shipbuilding Y. C. Jang, Y. Lee, G. B. An, J. S. Park, J. B. Lee and S. I. Kim 138
1. Introduction 138
2. Experiment 139
2.1. Esso test 139
2.2. Variations of yield stress dependent on temperature and strain rate 140
3. Finite Element Simulation of Crack Initiation and Propagation 141
4. Results and Discussion 141
4.1. Crack arrest length and crack propagation speed 141
4.2. Arrest fracture toughness 143
5. Concluding Remarks 143
Acknowledgments 143
References 143
Investigation of Fretting Fatigue Behavior of Ti811 Alloy at Elevated Temperature X.-H. Zhang and D.-X. Liu 144
1. Introduction 144
2. Experiment Procedures 145
3. Results and Discussion 145
3.1. Effect of temperature on fretting fatigue life 145
3.2. Effect of slip on ffl 146
3.3. Effect of contact pressure on ffl 148
4. Conclusions 149
References 149
Effect of Various Heat Treatment Processes on Fatigue Behavior of Tool Steel for Cold Forging Die S. U. Jin, S. S. Kim, Y. S. Lee, Y. N. Kwon and J. H. Lee 150
1. Introduction 150
2. Experimental Procedures 151
3. Results and Discussion 152
4. Conclusions 157
Acknowledgments 157
References 157
Fatigue Life Prediction of Rolled AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Using an Energy-Based Model S. H. Park, S.-G. Hong, B. H. Lee and C. S. Lee 158
1. Introduction 158
2. Material and Experimental Procedures 159
3. Results and Discussion 159
3.1. Cyclic stress-strain behavior 159
3.1.1. Strain-controlled fatigue tests under R =-1 159
3.1.2. Strain-controlled fatigue tests under R =0.5 160
3.1.3. Stress-controlled fatigue tests under R =0 161
3.2. Fatigue life prediction 161
4. Conclusions 163
References 163
Plastic Deformation of Polymer Interlayers During Post-Breakage Behavior of Laminated Glass \u2014 Partim 1: Analytical Approach J. Belis, D. Delince, D. Callewaert, R. van Impe and J. Depauw 164
1. Introduction 164
2. Methods 165
3. Analytical Model 166
4. Conclusions 169
Acknowledgments 169
References 169
Load Carrying Capacity of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Repeated Load C. Fang, M. Yi and S. Cheng 170
1. Introduction 170
2. A General Description of Load Carrying Capacity 171
2.1. The effect of corrosion 171
2.2. Effect of repeated loads 171
3. Experimental Program 171
3.1. Specimens 171
3.2. Loading 172
4. Experimental results and discussion 172
4.1. Cracking of concrete 172
4.2. Load-deflection curve 173
4.3. Failing modes 174
5. Conclusions 175
References 175
A Model for Galling Behavior in Forming of High Strength Steel under Tension-Bending Y. K. Hou, W. G. Zhang, Z. Q. Yu and S. H. Li 176
1. Introduction 176
2. Experiment 177
2.1. Experimental Procedures 177
2.2. Experimental results 178
3. The Model for Galling Behavior 180
4. Conclusions 181
Acknowledgments 181
References 181
Dynamic Failure of a Spot Weld in Lap-Shear Tests under Combined Loading Conditions J. H. Song, J. W. Ha, H. Huh, J. H. Lim and S. H. Park 182
1. Introduction 182
2. Dynamic Lap-Shear Tests of a Spot Weld 183
2.1. Experimental conditions 183
2.2. Experimental results 184
3. FE Analysis of Lap-Shear Tests Using the Dynamic Failure Model 185
4. Conclusion 187
References 187
Evaluation of Damage in Steels Subjected to Exploitation Loading \u2014 Destructive and Non-Destructive Methods Z. L. Kowalewski, S. Mackiewicz, J. Szelazek, K. Pietrzak and B. Augustyniak 188
1. Introduction 188
2. Experimental Details 189
2.1. Destructive technique 189
2.1.1. Magnetic techniques 189
2.1.2. Ultrasonic technique 190
3. Experimental Results and Their Discussion 190
3.1. Evaluation of damage development using destructive tests 190
3.2. Evaluation of damage development using magnetic technique 191
3.3. Evaluation of damage development using ultrasonic technique 192
4. Conclusions 193
Acknowledgment 193
References 193
Fatigue Properties of Automobile High-Strength Bolts C. Zhou, S.-I. Nishida and N. Hattori 194
1. Introduction 194
2. Materials and Experimental Procedure 195
3. Experimental Results and Discussion 196
3.1. Fatigue strength 196
3.2. Micro-structure behaviors 197
4. Conclusions 199
Acknowledgments 199
References 199
Research on the Effect of Loading Conditions on the Strength and Deformation Behaviors of Rocks P.-Z. Pan, X.-T. Feng and H. Zhou 200
1. Introduction 200
2. Brief Introduction to EPCA2D 201
3. Geometry, Loading Condition and Material Properties 201
4. Results Analysis 202
4.1. Strength and deformation behavior 202
4.2. Failure patterns of rocks 203
5. Conclusions 205
Acknowledgments 205
References 205
Part C Dynamic Loading and Crash Dynamics 206
Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Failure for Alumina Ceramic H. Ren and J. Ning 208
1. Introduction 208
2. Plate Impact Experiment 209
3. Numerical Model 209
3.1. Material models and equations of state for flyer 209
3.2. Material models and equations of state for alumina target 210
4. Simulation Results 211
4.1. Fracture characteristic 211
4.2. Comparison between the simulation and experiments 212
5. Conclusions 213
Acknowledgments 213
References 213
Analysis of Dynamic Stress-Strain Relationship of Loess H. Liao, Z. Zhang, C. Ning, J. Liu and L. Song 214
1. Introduction 215
2. Backbone-Curve Model and Hysteresis-Curve Model 216
3. Dynamic Triaxial Tests 216
4. Hypothesis of Accumulated Residual Strain 217
5. Analysis of Example 218
6. Conclusions 219
Acknowledgments 219
References 220
Study of Cutting Aerial PMMA with Miniature Detonation Cord Z. Q. Li, L. M. Zhao and Y. G. Zhao 221
1. Introduction 221
2. Experiment 222
2.1. The description of experiment 222
2.2. Experiment results 222
3. Numerical Simulation 224
3.1. Material model 224
3.2. Numerical results 224
4. Conclusions 225
Acknowledgments 225
References 226
A Study on the Behavior of a Thin STS 304 Sheet with a Free Boundary Conditions Subjected to Impact Loading D. G. Ahn, G. J. Moon, C. G. Jung and D. Y. Yang 227
1. Introduction 227
2. Experiments and Finite Element Analysis 228
2.1. Impact tests 228
2.2. Finite element analyses 229
3. Results and Discussions 229
3.1. Results of impact tests 229
3.2. Results of FE analyses 230
4. Conclusions 232
Acknowledgments 232
References 232
Design of the Cross Section Shape of an Aluminum Crash Box for Crashworthiness Enhancement of a Car S. B. Kim, H. Huh, G. H. Lee, J. S. Yoo ad M. Y. Lee 233
1. Introduction 233
2. Crashworthiness of the Crash Box using the Single Part Model 234
2.1. Dynamic Tensile Characteristics of Extruded Aluminum 234
2.2. Crashworthiness of a Crash Boxes 235
3. Crashworthiness of the Crash Box using the Simplified Auto-body Model 236
3.1. Simplified Auto-body Model 236
3.2. Crashworthiness of a Crash Boxes 236
4. Verification of the Numerical Simulation 237
5. Conclusions 238
References 238
Regression Model for Light Weight and Crashworthiness Enhancement Design of Automotive Parts in Frontal Car Crash G. Bae, H. Huh and S. Park 239
1. Introduction 239
2. Frontal Impact Analysis 240
2.1. Frontal Impact Condition and Analysis Model 240
2.2. Analysis Result 240
3. Regression Model for Light Weight and Crashworthiness Enhancement Design 241
3.1. Parameterization of the Part Strength 241
3.2. Regression Analysis 242
4. Verification with Light Weight Design 243
5. Conclusion 244
References 244
An Experimental Study on the Impact Deformation and the Strain Rate Sensitivity in Some Structural Adhesives T. Nagai, T. Iwamoto, T. Sawa, Y. Sekiguchi, H. Kuramoto and N. Uesugi 245
1. Introduction 245
2. Experimental Method 246
2.1. Materials and specimens 246
2.2. Impact compressive experiments using split Hopkinson pressure bar method 247
3. Experimental Results and Discussion 248
4. Concluding Remarks 250
Acknowledgments 250
References 250
Effects of Impact Velocity and Slenderness Ratio on Dynamic Buckling Load for Long Columns K. Mimura, T. Umeda, M. Yu, Y. Uchida and H. Yaka 251
1. Introduction 251
2. Experimental Procedure and Specimens 252
3. Numerical Modeling and Simulations Based on Dynamic Finite Element Method 254
4. Results and Discussion 255
References 257
Crashworthiness Design of the Shear Bolts for Light Collision Safety Devices J. S. Kim, H. Huh and T. S. Kwon 258
1. Introduction 258
2. Design of Shear Bolts and Jig System 259
2.1. Shear bolts 259
2.2. Shear-off jig system for crash tests 260
3. Experiment 261
4. Conclusion 263
References 263
Computational Performance Evaluation of a Side Structure Considering Stamping Effects S.-H. Kim and K.-P. Kim 264
1. Introduction 264
2. Stamping Analysis of the Center Pillar 265
3. Performance Analysis with Consideration of Stamping Effects 266
3.1. Conditions for performance analysis 266
3.2. Results of performance analysis 267
4. Conclusions 269
References 269
A New Method for Vibration Response of Beam on Foundation under Moving Load Y. Yang and X. Ge 270
1. Introduction 270
2. Equations of Motion 271
3. The High-Precision Integration Scheme 271
4. Simulation and Results 272
4.1. A beam on Winkler foundation subjected to a concentrated moving load 272
4.2. A beam on a viscoelastic foundation under moving load 273
4.2.1. The effect of foundation stiffness 273
4.2.2. The effect of traveling speed 274
4.2.3. The effect of the span length of the beam 274
5. Conclusions 275
References 275
Part D Engineering Applications and Case Studies 276
Trimming Line Design Using an Incremental Development Method and a Finite Element Inverse Method Y.-J. Song, C.-D. Park, Y.-H. Hahn and W.-J. Chung 278
1. Introduction 278
2. Trimming-Line Design Process 279
3. An improved Incremental Development Method 280
3.1. Layer-wise development 280
3.2. Smoothing using a length and area based energy 282
4. Numerical Examples 282
4.1. Flanging of L-shaped cup 282
4.2. Flanging of a front fender 283
5. Conclusion 284
Acknowledgments 284
References 285
Effects of Heat Treatments on the On-Line Service Life of a Press Die Manufactured by W-EDM K.-K. Choi and Y.-S. Lee 286
1. Introduction 286
2. Experiments 287
2.1. Die and punch preparation 287
2.2. On-line service life experiments 287
3. Results and Discussion 288
4. Conclusions 290
References 291
Calculation of the Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Soil Slope Based on the Uni ed Strength Theory H. Liao, Z. Ma and L. Su 292
1. Introduction 293
2. Derivation of Ultimate Bearing Capacity Formula of Soil Slope 293
2.1. Basic assumption 293
2.2. Derivation of the formula 294
3. Application to an Example 295
4. Conclusion 297
References 297
Top Joint Study on Temperature Stress for Super-Long Slab-Column Structure M. Gong, L. Song and Y. Shao 298
1. Introduction 298
2. Calculation Method 299
2.1. Temperature action and cases 299
2.2. Calculation model 300
3. Calculation Results and Analysis 301
3.1. Top joint methods 301
3.2. Results and Analysis 301
4. Conclusion 303
References 303
A Process Map for Sequential Compression-Backward Extrusion of AZ31 Mg Alloys at Warm Temperatures D.-J. Yoon, E.-Z. Kim, C.-D. Cho and Y.-S. Lee 304
1. Introduction 304
2. Warm Sequential Compression-Backward Extrusion 305
3. Finite Element Analysis Coupled with Damage Evolution 306
4. Results and Discussions 306
5. Conclusions 309
Acknowledgments 309
References 309
A Numerical Simulation of Strip Profile in a 6-High Cold Rolling Mill X. Du, Q. Yang, C. Lu, A. K. Tieu and S. Kim 310
1. Introduction 310
2. FEM Simulation 311
3. Results and Discussion 312
4. Field Application 314
5. Conclusion 315
Acknowledgments 315
References 315
Dynamic Simulation of the Tailing Process in Hot Finishing Mill S. Kim, C. Lu, X. Du and A. K. Tieu 316
1. Introduction 316
2. Dynamic Finite Element Method Simulation 317
3. Results and Discussion 318
4. Conclusion 321
References 321
Factor Study for the Separator Plate of MCFC Having Uniform Stiffness at Elevated Temperature S.-W. Lee, J.-H. Kim and J.-H. Jun 322
1. Introduction 322
2. Evaluation of Separator Stiffness at Elevated Temperatures 323
3. Determination of Design Factors Controlling the Stiffness 325
4. A Separator Having Uniform Stiffness at Elevated Temperature 326
5. Conclusions 327
Acknowledgments 327
References 327
A Study on the Improvement of the Accuracy of a Shaving Process Using a Progressive Die W.-J. Chung, K.-B. Hwang, J.-H. Kim and H.-Y. Ryu 328
1. Introduction 328
2. Experiment 329
2.1. Materials and process design 329
2.2. Experimental method 330
3. Results and Discussion 332
4. Conclusion 334
Acknowledgments 334
References 334
Application of Forming Limit Criteria Based on Plastic Instability Condition to Metal Forming Processes S.-C. Heo, T.-W. Ku, J. Kim, B.-S. Kang and W.-J. Song 335
1. Introduction 335
2. Analytical Forming Limit Criteria 336
2.1. Plastic instability conditions 336
2.2. Forming limit curves based on plastic instability conditions 337
3. Numerical Simulations of Hydroforming and Sheet Metal Forming Processes 337
3.1. Hydroforming: Engine cradle 337
3.2. Sheet metal forming: Dimple type heat transfer tube 338
4. Application of Formability Evaluation based on Forming Limit Diagrams 339
4.1. Evaluation of formability: Hydroformed engine cradle 339
4.2. Evaluation of formability: Dimple type heat transfer tube 340
5. Concluding Remarks 340
Acknowledgments 340
References 340
Tool Path Design of Incremental Open-Die Disk Forging Using Physical Modeling S.-U. Lee and D.-Y. Yang 341
1. Introduction 341
2. Design of Experiments 342
2.1. Tool overlapping and staggering 342
2.2. Tool geometry and tool paths 343
3. Experimental Results and Discussion 343
3.1. Effect of tool width 344
3.2. Results of tool paths 345
4. Conclusions 346
References 346
Numerical Optimization of Sheet Metal Forming Process Using New Fracture Criterion A. Hirahara, R. Hino, F. Yoshida and V. V. Toropov 347
1. Introduction 347
2. Fracture Criteria Used as Constraints for Optimization 348
2.1. Criterion based on non-proportional FLD 348
2.2. Criterion for edge fracture 349
3. Optimization System for Sheet Metal Forming Problem 349
4. Application to Optimum Blank Design for Deep Drawing Process 350
4.1. Deep drawing process of perforated blank 350
4.2. Optimization problem formulation 350
4.3. Optimization result and discussions 351
5. Conclusions 352
References 353
Study for Blade Ceramic Coating Delamination Detection for Gas Turbine C.-J. Choi, S. H. Choi and J.-Y. Kim 354
1. Introduction 354
2. Configuring Test Equipment 355
2.1. Infrared thermography camera. 355
2.2. Infrared thermography(Pulsed Thermography) 356
3. Method and Result of the Test 357
3.1. Making a sample 357
3.2. Aritificial Defect 357
3.3. Coating Delamination 358
4. Conclusion 359
Acknowledgment 359
References 359
Study on Correlation Between Shear Wave Velocity and Ground Properties for Ground Liquefaction Investigation of Silts A. Che, X. Luo, J. Qi and D. Wang 360
1. Introduction 360
2. Wangqingtuo Reservoir in Tianjin Area, China 361
3. Surface Wave Survey Investigation 362
4. Dynamic Triaxial Tests 362
4.1. Resonant column triaxial tests 362
4.2. Cyclic triaxial tests 363
5. Correlation Analysis Between SPT-N Value and Shear Wave Velocity Vs 364
6. Effect of Shear Wave Velocity on Liquefaction Resistance 364
7. Conclusions 365
References 365
A Study on the Stability of Earth Dam Subjected to the Seismic Load J. Q. A. Che and X. Ge 366
1. Introduction 366
2. Wangqingtuo Reservoir (Tianjin city, China) 367
3. Dynamic Analysis of Dam 368
3.1. Dynamic parameters of soil 368
3.2. Model of the typical section 369
3.3. Tangshan earthquake motion 369
3.4. Results of the dynamic analysis 369
4. Post-Liquefaction Stability Analysis 370
5. Conclusions and Discussion 371
References 371
A Study of the Reconstruction of Accidents and Crime Scenes Through Computational Experiments S. J. Park, S. W. Chae, S. H. Kim, K. M. Yang and H. S. Chung 372
1. Introduction 372
2. Case Report 373
3. Autopsy Findings 374
4. Reconstruction of Crime Scenes 374
4.1. Reconstruction of the first case 374
4.1.1. The physical marks and analysis 374
4.1.2. Analysis using computational experiments 375
4.2. Reconstruction of the second case 376
4.2.1. Analysis of marks on the dead body at the scene. 376
4.2.2. Analysis using computational experiments 376
5. Conclusion 377
References 377
Prediction of Rolling Force Using an Adaptive Neural Network Model During Cold Rolling of Thin Strip H. B. Xie, Z. Y. Jiang, A. K. Tieu, X. H. Liu and G. D. Wang 378
1. Introduction 378
2. Structure of Neural Networks Control System 379
3. Results and Discussion 381
4. Conclusions 382
References 382
An Inuence Function Method Analysis of Cold Strip Rolling Z. Y. Jiang, D. W. Wei and A. K. Tieu 383
1. Introduction 383
2. Influence Function Analysis of Asymmetric Rolling of Thin strip 384
3. Results and Discussion 386
3.1. Effect of cross shear region 386
3.2. Effect of friction at upper and lower contact regions 387
4. Conclusions 387
Acknowledgments 388
References 388
Effect of Asymmetrical Stand Stiffness on Hot Rolled Strip Shape D. Gong, J. Xu, Z. Jiang, X. Zhang, X. Liu and G. Wang 389
1. Performance of Asymmetrical Stiffness 390
2. Force Analysis of 4-High Mill 391
3. Calculation of Roll Elastic Deformation 391
4. Calculation Result and Discussion 393
5. Conclusion 394
References 394
Rigid-Plastic Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall C. L. Fan and S. Y. Zhang 395
1. Introduction 395
2. Rigid-Plastic Dynamics 395
2.1. Rigid-plastic dynamics 396
2.2. Rigid-plastic spectra 398
3. The Rigid-Plastic Seismic Design Procedure 399
4. Design Example 399
5. Discussions 400
Acknowledgments 401
References 401
Part E Experimental and Numerical Techniques 402
Numerical Study on the Shaped Charges T. B. Ma, C. Wang and J. G. Ning 404
1. Introduction 404
2. Numerical Methods 404
3. Experimental Configuration 406
4. Numerical Results 407
5. Summary and Conclusions 409
Acknowledgments 409
References 409
Experimental Study on Mechanical Property of Steel Reinforced Concrete L-Shaped Short Columns Z. Li, H. Qin, H. Dang, H. Li and J.-S. Zhang 410
1. Introduction 411
2. Test General Situation 411
2.1. Design of members and test parameters 411
2.2. Loading device and system 412
3. Analysis on Test Results 412
3.1. Analysis on failure 412
3.2. Ductility of short L-shaped steel reinforced concrete columns 413
3.2.1. Definition of ductility3 413
3.2.2. The main influential factors on the ductility 413
4. The Analysis on Influential Factors on Shear Resistance of SRCLSSC 414
4.1. The main influential factors on the shear capacity 414
4.2. The calculated formula for shear capacity 414
5. Conclusions 416
References 416
Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture of Strip-Cast Fe-3.2%Si Steel Sheet Y. B. Xu, Y. M. Yu, G. M. Cao, C. S Li and G. D. Wang 417
1. Introduction 417
2. Material and Experimental Procedure 418
3. Results and Discussion 419
3.1. Microstructure 419
3.2. Texture 421
4. Conclusion 422
Acknowledgments 422
References 422
Finite Element Simulation of Pore Closing During Cylinder Upsetting M. C. Lee, S. M. Jang, J. H. Cho and M. S. Joun 423
1. Introduction 423
2. Simulation of Pore Closing in Cylinder Upsetting 424
3. Conclusions 427
Acknowledgments 428
References 428
Tensile Test Based Material Identification Program AFDEX/MAT and Its Application to Two New Pre-Heat Treated Steels and a Conventional Cr-Mo Steel M.-S. Joun, J.-G. Eom, M.-C. Lee, J.-H. Park and D.-J. Yoon 429
1. Introduction 429
2. Material Identification Algorithm and AFDEX/MAT 430
3. Application to New Pre-Heat Treated Steels and Conventional Cr-Mo Steel 432
4. Conclusions 434
Acknowledgments 434
References 434
An Elasto-Plastic Analysis of Solids by the Local Meshless Method Based on MLS Y. T. Gu 435
1. General Appearance 435
2. The local Memeshless Formulation 436
3. Effective Material Parameters 438
4. Numerical Example 439
5. Conclusions 440
References 441
Prediction of Plug Tip Position in Rotary Tube Piercing Mill Using Simulation and Experiment H. W. Lee, G. A. Lee, E. Z. Kim and S. Choi 442
1. Preface 442
2. Rotary Tube Piercing Equipment 443
3. Determination of the Position of Plug Tip using Numerical Simulation 444
3.1. Finite Element Analysis of Rotary Tube Piercing Process 444
3.2. Analysis of Effects of Feed Angle 446
4. Conclusion 447
Acknowledgments 447
References 447
Study of Accurate High-Speed Tension Testing Method T. Umeda and K. Mimura 448
1. Introduction 448
2. Non-coaxial Hopkinson Bar Method 449
3. Overview of Apparatus 449
4. Examination of Obtained Stress\u2013strain Relation 450
4.1. Experiment of direct measurement from specimen 450
4.2. Material model 451
4.3. Finite element model 452
4.4. Improvement of fixation of specimen 452
4.5. New appliances for improvement of fixation and reproducibility 452
5. Summary 454
References 454
Dynamic Material Properties of the Heat-A ected Zone (HAZ) in Resistance Spot Welding J.-W. Ha, J.-H. Song, H. Huh, J.-H. Lim and S.-H. Park 455
1. Introduction 455
2. Thermal Simulation Tests for the Simulated HAZ 457
2.1. Classification of the spot-welded region 457
2.2. Fabrication of the thermal simulated HAZ 458
3. Dynamic Material Properties of the Simulated HAZ 458
3.1 Dynamic tensile tests of the simulated HAZ specimen 458
3.2 Application to FE analysis of the spot-welded specimen 460
4. Conclusion 460
References 461
An Inuence of Selected Mechanical Parameters of MMC on the Thermal Shock Resistance D. Rudnik, Z. Kowalewski, K. Pietrzak and A. Wojciechowski 462
1. Introduction 462
2. Qualitative Analysis of an Influence of Reinforcement on the Crack Appearance 463
3. Theoretical Estimation of the Composite Resistance to Thermal Shocks 465
4. Conclusions 467
References 467
Numerical Simulations of the Inuence of Striker Bar Length on SHPB Measurements D. W. Shu, C. Q. Luo and G. X. Lu 468
1. Introduction 468
2. Numerical Simulation and Analysis 469
3. Experimental Setup 471
4. Results and Discussion 472
5. Conclusion 473
References 473
Quantitative Relationships Between Microstructural and Mechanical Parameters of Steels with Different Carbon Content K. Pietrzak, A. Klasik, Z. Kowalewski and D. Rudnik 474
1. Introduction 474
2. Materials 476
3. Results of Investigations 476
3.1. Mechanical properties 476
3.2. Microstructural properties 477
4. Concluding Remarks 478
References 479
Experiment Study on Dynamic Strength of Loess under Repeated Load Z. H. Xiao, B. Han, H. J. Liao and A. Tuohuti 480
1. Introduction 480
2. Experiment Condition 481
3. Test Results and Analysis 482
3.1. The relationship between dynamic shear strength and over consolidation ratio 482
3.2. The relationship between pore water pressure and over consolidation ratio 484
3.3. Determination of the index of effective dynamic shear strength of loess 484
4. Conclusions 485
Acknowledgments 485
References 485
Shear Strength Prediction of RC Beams Wrapped with FRP S. Y. Wang, Y. W. Zhou and H. N. Li 486
1. Introduction 486
2. Existing Shear Strength Models 487
3. Modified Shear Strength Model 488
3.1. Definition and derivation 488
3.2. Discussion about 畏 488
3.3. Parameter study and suggestion for 蔚f,ee 489
4. Comparisons with Experiment and modified model 491
5. Conclusions 491
Acknowledgments 491
References 492
Study on Stress-Strain Relationshipship of Loess Based on Twin Shear Unified Damage Constitutive Model B. Han, H. Z. Li, H.-J. Liao and Z. H. Xiao 493
1. Introduction 493
2. Preparation of Samples and Test Method 494
3. Test Results Analysis 494
3.1. CU-test of Normal consolidation and Over-consolidation specimens 494
3.2. CD-test of Normal consolidation and Over-consolidation specimens 495
4. Numerical Simulation and Determination of Model Parameters 495
4.1. Damage model based on unified strength theory 495
4.2. Model parameters 496
4.3. Comparison between calculated and experimental results 497
5. Conclusion 498
Acknowledgment 498
References 498
The Inuence of Strain Path on Biaxial Compressive Behavior of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy I. Shimizu, N. Tada and K. Nakayama 499
1. Introduction 499
2. Experiments 500
3. Results and Discussion 501
4. Conclusions 504
References 504
3D Finite Element Modelling of Complex Strip Rolling Z. Y. Jiang 505
1. Introduction 505
2. Theoretical Analysis 506
2.1. Extremely thin elements 506
2.2. FE formulations 507
3. Simulation and Results 508
4. Conclusions 510
Acknowledgments 510
References 510
Part F Molecular Dynamics 512
The Study on the Gas Permeabilities of the Ethylene/1-Hexene Copolymer by Molecular Dynamics Simulation S. Z. Wu, J. Yi, L. S. Zhang and J. E. Mark 514
1. Introduction 514
2. Description of the Simulations 515
3. Results and Discussion 516
4. Conclusion 518
References 519
Dynamics Behavior Analysis of Globular Particle in Rheology Material with Controlled Solid Fraction K.-Y. Kwon, C.-G. Kang and S.-M. Lee 520
1. Introduction 520
2. Principle of Molecular Dynamics 521
2.1. The potential function 521
2.2. Force subjected to single sphere particle 522
2.3. Numerical analysis technique 522
2.4. Viscosity equation 523
3. Analysis Results and Discussion 523
3.1. Analysis Model 523
3.2. Analysis Results 523
4. Conclusion 525
Acknowledgments 525
References 525
Effect of Helicity on the Buckling Behavior of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes J. Huh and H. Huh 527
1. Introduction 527
2. Theoretical Backgrounds 528
2.1. Carbon nanotubes 528
2.2. Molecular dynamics 528
3. Simulation Methods 529
4. Result and Discussion 530
5. Conclusion 532
References 532
Part G Nano, Meso, Micro and Crystal Plasticity 534
Energy of Armchair Nanotube Using the Modified Cauchy-Born Rule S. Lu, C. D. Cho and L. Song 536
1. Introduction 536
2. The Interatomic Potential for Carbon 537
3. The Modified Cauchy-Born Rule 538
4. Apply the Modified Cauchy-Born Rule into CNTs 538
5. Calculation and Result 539
6. Conclusion 541
Acknowledgments 541
References 541
Fabrication of Polymer Master for Antireective Surface Using Hot Embossing and AAO Process H. G. Shin, J. T. Kwon, Y. H. Seo and B. H. Kim 542
1. Introduction 542
2. Fabrication of AR Master 543
2.1. Preparation for AAO process 544
2.2. 1\u2019st anodizing 544
2.3. Alumina removal 544
2.4. 2\u2019nd anodizing and pore widening 545
3. Replication of AR Nano-Patterns 546
3.1. Hot embossing 546
3.2. Replication for fabrication of antireflective structure 547
4. Results and Discussion 547
4.1. Replication characteristic 547
4.2. Optical properties 548
5. Conclusions 549
Acknowledgment 549
References 549
Texture and Formability Development of Asymmetry Rolled AA 3003 Al Alloy Sheet I. Kim, S. Akramov and H. B. Jeong 550
1. Introduction 550
2. Experimental Procedure 551
3. Results and Discussion 552
4. Summary 555
Acknowledgment 555
References 555
Numerical Simulation of Deep Drawing Process of Aluminum Alloy Sheet Using Crystal Plasticity J. G. Shim and Y. T. Keum 556
1. Introduction 556
2. Crystal Plasticity 557
2.1. Crystal material model 557
2.2. Texture evolution 558
3. Deep Drawing Simulation 558
3.1. Modeling 558
3.2. Simulation result and comparison with experimental measurement 559
3.3. Texture analysis 560
4. Conclusion 561
Acknowledgments 561
References 561
An Integrated Micromechanics Modelling Approach for Micro-Forming Simulation W. Zhuang and J. Lin 562
1. Introduction 562
2. Integrated Numerical Procedure for CPFE Analysis 563
3. Forming Micropins 564
4. Hydro-Forming of Micro-Tubes 565
5. Conclusions 567
Acknowledgments 567
References 567
Stretching-Induced Orientation to Improve Mechanical Properties of Electrospun PAN Nanocomposites X. X. Hou, X. P. Yang, F. Zhang, S. Z. Wu and E. Waclawik 568
1. Introduction 568
2. Experiment 569
2.1. Electrospinning 569
2.2. Stretching 569
2.3. Characterization 570
3. Results and Discussion 570
4. Conclusions 573
References 573
The Bendability and Formability of Cold Rolled and Heat Treated AZ31 Mg Alloy Sheets I. Kim and S. Akramov 574
1. Introduction 574
2. Experimental Procedure 575
3. Results and Discussion 576
4. Conclusion 579
Acknowledgment 579
References 579
The Development of the Microctructure and Texture in Cold Rolled AZ31 Mg Alloy Sheets I. Kim and S. Akramov 580
1. Introduction 580
2. Experimental Procedure 581
3. Results and Discussion 581
4. Conclusion 584
Acknowledgment 584
References 585
Texture Development and Drawability of Frictionally Rolled AA 5052 Al Alloy Sheet I. Kim, S. Akramov, H. B. Jeong and T. K. No 586
1. Introduction 586
2. Experimental Procedure 587
3. Experimental Results and Discussion 588
4. Summary 591
Acknowledgment 591
References 591
Grain-Size Dependent Yield Behavior under Loading, Unloading and Reverse Loading N. Ohno, D. Okumura and T. Shibata 592
1. Introduction 592
2. Theory 593
2.1. Higher-order stress due to the self-energy of GNDs 593
2.2. Higher-order stress based on incrementally defined GNDs 594
3. Analysis of 2D Model Polycrystals 595
4. Conclusions 597
Acknowledgments 597
References 597
Finite Element Modelling of Micro-Cutting Processes from Crystal Plasticity Y. P. Chen, W. B. Lee, S. To and H. Wang 598
1. Introduction 598
2. Crystal Plasticity 599
3. Finite Element Implementation and Simulation Results 601
4. Conlcusion 603
Acknowledgment 603
References 603
Finite Element Analysis of Thermal Nanoindentation Process and Its Experimental Verification H.-J. Oh, E.-K. Lee, C.-G. Kang and S.-M. Lee 604
1. Introduction 604
2. FEM Modeling and Experiment 605
2.1. Experiment 605
2.2. Finite element analysis 606
3. Results and Discussion 607
3.1. Thermal-nanoindentation test by CSM method 607
3.2. Comparison with experimental data 608
4. Conclusion 609
Acknowledgments 609
References 609
Part H Phase Transformations 610
Effect of Transformation Volume Strain on the Spherical Indentation of Shape Memory Alloys W. Yan, Q. Sun and H.-Y. Liu 612
1. Introduction 612
2. Numerical Model 613
3. Results and Discussion 614
4. Summary 618
Acknowledgments 619
References 619
Characterization of Bainitic Microstructures in Low Carbon HSLA Steels J. S. Kang and C. G. Park 620
1. Introduction 620
2. Experimental Procedure 621
3. Results 621
4. Discussion 624
5. Summary 625
Acknowledgments 625
References 625
EBSD Study on the Evolution of Microstructures During Compressive Deformation of an Austenitic Stainless Steel J. B. Jeon and Y. W. Chang 626
1. Introduction 626
2. Experiments 627
3. Results and Discussion 628
4. Conclusion 631
Acknowledgment 631
References 631
Textures of Equal Channel Angular Pressed 1050 Aluminum Alloy Strips J. Y. Park, S.-H. Hong and D. N. Lee 632
1. Introduction 632
2. Experimental Procedure 633
3. Experimental Results 633
4. Calculation of Deformation 635
5. Calculation of Texture 635
6. Conclusion 639
Acknowledgment 639
References 639
A Study on Impact Deformation and Transformation Behavior of Trip Steel by Finite Element Simulation and Experiment T. Iwamoto, T. Sawa and M. Cherkaoui 640
1. Introduction 640
2. Experimental Method 641
3. Finite Element Simulation 642
3.1. Finite element equation of motion 642
3.2. Computational conditions 643
4. Results and Discussion 643
4.1. Experimental results 643
4.2. Computational results 644
4.3. Comparison of the results obtained by experiment and computation 644
5. Concluding Remarks 645
Acknowledgments 645
References 645
Part I Plastic Instability and Strain Localization 646
Energy Absorption of Expansion Tube Considering Local Buckling Characteristics K.-H. Ahn, J.-S. Kim and H. Huh 648
1. Introduction 648
2. Analysis Condition 649
2.1. Finite element model and boundary conditions 649
2.2. Friction and material 650
3. Energy Absorption of Expansion Tubes 650
3.1. Parametric study 650
3.2. Effect of local buckling 651
4. Local Buckling Characteristics of Expansion Tubes 652
4.1. Plantema equation 652
4.2. Modified plantema equation 652
5. Conclusions 654
References 654
Part J Plasticity in Advanced Materials 656
Change in Microscopic Hardness During Tensile Plastic Deformation of Polycrystalline Aluminum and Titanium X. Wang and T. Abe 658
1. Introduction 658
2. Experimental Method 659
2.1. Specimen 659
2.2. Measurement of micro-hardness and grain orientation 659
3. Experimental Results and Discussion 660
3.1. Micro-hardness change with applied strain 660
3.2. Micro-hardness distribution in grains 662
4. Conclusions 664
Acknowledgment 664
References 664
FLD of AZ31 Sheet under Warm Stretching and Its Prediction T. Naka, Y. Nakayama, T. Eumori, R. Hino, F. Yoshida, M. Kohzu and K. Higashi 665
1. Introduction 666
2. Experimental Work 666
3. Results and Discussion 667
3.1. Experimental results 667
3.2. Analytical prediction 667
4. Concluding Remarks 670
References 670
Effect of High Temperature Deformation on the Low Thermal Expansion Behavior of Fe-29%Ni-17%Co Alloy K. A. Lee, J. Namkung and M. C. Kim 671
1. Introduction 671
2. Experiment 672
3. Results and Discussion 672
4. Summary 676
References 676
The Plasticity of Monocrystalline Silicon under Nanoindentation L. Chang and L. C. Zhang 677
1. Introduction 677
2. Experimental 678
3. Results and Discussion 678
3.1. Observations 678
3.1.1. Influence of loading conditions on the load-displacement curves 679
3.1.2. Cyclic indentation 680
3.2. Analysis 681
4. Summary 682
Acknowledgment 682
References 682
Characterization of Electro-Rheological Fluid under High Shear Rate in Parallel Ducts X. W. Zhang, C. B. Zhang, T. X. Yu and W. J. Wen 684
1. Introduction 684
2. Preliminary 685
3. Experimental Setup 686
4. Results and Discussion 687
5. Summary 690
Acknowledgment 690
References 690
Part K Plasticity in Materials Processing Technology 692
Prediction of the Residual Stress in the Process of Straightening Wire T. W. Kim, M. G. Lee, H.-I. Moon, H. J. Kim and H. Y. Kim 694
1. Introduction 694
2. Finite Element Modeling 695
3. Residual Stress Evaluated by Stage 695
3.1. Reverse bending process 695
3.2. Back tensioning process 695
3.3. Drawing process 697
4. Conclusions 699
References 699
Forming Limit of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Sheet in the Deep Drawing with Cross Shaped Die H. Y. Kim, S. C. Hoi, H. J. Kim, S. M. Hong Y. S. Shin and G. H. Lee 700
1. Introduction 700
2. Material Tests 701
2.1. Tensile test 701
2.2. FLD test 702
3. Cross-Shaped Cup Deep Drawing Tests 702
3.1. Design of tool set 702
3.2. Optimization of tool temperatures 704
3.3. Experimental tryout 704
4. Conclusion 705
References 705
Micro Forming of Glass microlens Array Using an Imprinted and Sintered Tungsten Carbide Micro J. W. Han, B.-K. Min and S. Kang 706
1. Introduction 706
2. Fabrication of Tungsten Carbide Micro Mold for Glass Microlens Array 707
3. Fabrication of Glass Microlens Array by Micro Thermal Forming Process 708
4. Measurement and Analysis of Optical Properties of Formed Glass Microlens Array 711
5. Conclusions 711
Acknowledgments 711
References 711
Fast Springback Simulation of Bending Forming Based on One-Step Inverse Analysis Y.-D. Bao, W.-L. Chen and H. Wu 712
1. Introduction 712
2. Finite Element Formulation of One-Step Inverse Analysis with Bending Effects 713
3. Unloading Spring Back Simulation by LS-DYNA Implicit Solver 714
4. Numerical Results and Discussion 714
4.1. Unconstrained cylindrical bending 714
4.2. Bending forming and spring back of truck carling 716
5. Conclusion 717
Acknowledgments 718
References 718
Effect of Initial Microstructure on Hot Forging of Mg Alloys Y. Kwon, Y. Lee, S. Kim and J. Lee 719
1. Introduction 719
2. Experimental Procedures 720
3. Results 721
4. Conclusion 724
Acknowledgments 724
References 724
The Unloading Modulus of AKDQ Steel after Uniaxial and Near Plane-Strain Plastic Deformation E. J. Pavlina, B. S. Levy, C. J. van Tyne, S. O. Kwon and Y. H. Moon 725
1. Introduction 725
2. Experimental Procedure 726
2.1. Uniaxial tensile tests 726
2.2. Tube expansion tests 726
3. Results 727
3.1. Stress-strain behavior 727
3.2. Unloading after uniaxial plastic deformation 728
3.3. Unloading after hydraulic expansion 728
4. Discussion 729
5. Summary 730
Acknowledgments 730
References 730
Spring-Back Characteristics of Grain-Refined Magnesium Alloy ZK60 Sheet S.-H. Kang, Y.-S. Lee and J.-H. Lee 731
1. Introduction 731
2. Bending Specimens and Experimental Setup 732
3. Experimental Results 734
4. Concluding Remarks 735
Acknowledgments 736
References 736
Incremental Sheet Forming with Local Heating for Lightweight Hard-to-Form Material R. Hino, F. Yoshida, N. Nagaishi and T. Naka 737
1. Introduction 737
2. Incremental Sheet Forming with Local Heating 738
3. Specimens and Experimental Conditions 739
4. Results and Discussion 739
4.1. Effect of local heating on formability 739
4.2. Effect of local heating on residual stress/springback 741
5. Conclusions 741
Reference 742
Influence of Billet Size on the Deformation Inhomogeneity of Material Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing T. Suo, Y. Li and F. Zhao 743
1. Introduction 743
2. 3D Finite Element Model 744
3. Finite Element Results and Discussion 745
4. Summary and Conclusions 748
Acknowledgments 748
References 748
Influence of Shot Peening on Surface Characteristics of High-Speed Steels Y. Harada and K. Fukaura 749
1. Introduction 749
2. Experimental Procedure 750
2.1. Shot peening 750
2.2. Hardness, surface roughness, residual stress 751
3. Result and Discussion 751
3.1. Vickers hardness 751
3.1.1. Effect of air pressure 751
3.1.2. Effect of coverage 751
3.2. Residual stress 752
3.2.1. Effect of air pressure 752
3.2.2. Effect of the coverage 753
4. Surface Roughness 753
5. Conclusions 754
References 754
Cold Butt Joining of Light Metal Sheet by Shot Peening Y. Harada and Y. Kobayashi 755
1. Introduction 755
2. Experimental Procedure 756
2.1. Method of butt joining by shot peening 756
2.2. Conditions of shot peening 756
2.3. Evaluation of joint strength 757
3. Results and Discussion 757
3.1. Aluminum sheet and dissimilar metal sheets 757
3.2. Magnesium sheet and dissimilar metal sheets 759
4. Conclusions 760
References 760
Evolution of Strain States and Textures in AA5052 Sheet During Cross-Roll Rolling S. H. Kim, D. G. Kim, H. G. Kang, M. Y. Huh, J. S. Lee and O. Engler 761
1. Introduction 761
2. Experimental Procedure 762
3. Results and Discussion 763
4. Conclusions 765
References 766
Minimum Wall Thickness of Hollow Threaded Parts in Three-Die Cold Thread Rolling H. P. Qi, Y. T. Li, J. H. Fu and Z. Q. Liu 767
1. Introduction 767
2. Rolling Theory 768
3. Failure Forms and Reason 768
4. Minimum Wall Thickness 768
5. Experiments 771
6. Conclusion 772
Acknowledgment 772
References 772
Replication of Nano/Micro Quartz Mold by Hot-Embossing and Its Application to Borosilicate Glass Embossing S.-W. Youn, C. Okuyama, M. Takahashi and R. Maeda 773
1. Introduction 773
2. Experimental Procedure 774
3. Results and Discussion 775
3.1. Preparation glassy carbon negative master by FIB milling and dicing 775
3.2. Fabrication of quartz mold by hot embossing with glassy carbon master 776
3.3. Hot embossing of borosilicate glass with molybdenum sputtered quartz mold 776
4. Summary 778
Acknowledgment 778
References 778
Part L Plasticity in Tribology 780
Comparing Sliding-Wear Characteristics of the Electro-Pressure Sintered and Wrought Cobalt J. E. Lee, Y.-S. Kim and T.-W. Kim 782
1. Introduction 782
2. Experimental 783
3. Results and Discussion 783
3.1. Wear test and specimen analysis results 783
3.2. SEM observation of worn surface and wear debris 785
3.3. Sliding wear mechanism of the sintered and wrought cobalt 786
4. Conclusions 787
Acknowledgments 787
References 787
Part M Porous, Cellular and Composite Materials 788
A Phenomenological Constitutive Model of Aluminum Alloy Foams at Various Strain Rates C. Li, Z. H. Wang, L. M. Zhao and G. T. Yang 790
1. Introduction 790
2. Constitutive Models 791
3. Experimental Procedure and Results 793
4. Parameters Identification 793
5. Conclusion 795
Acknowledgments 795
References 795
Experimental Investigation on Fracture Toughness of Interface Crack for Rock/Concrete S. C. Yang, L. Song, Z. Li and S. M. Huang 796
1. Introduction 796
2. Stress Intensity Factors of an Interface Crack and its Calculation 797
2.1. Stress intensity factors 797
2.2. Calculation of stress intensity factors 798
3. Fracture Experiment 799
3.1. Test specimens 799
3.2. Mechanical properties of material and mixture ratio of concrete 799
3.3. Specimens preparation 800
3.4. Test procedures and experimental results 800
4. Critical Stress Intensity Factors and Fracture Toughness 801
4.1. Critical stress intensity factors 801
4.2. Fracture criterion and fracture toughness 801
5. Conclusions 802
References 803
Investigation on the Equivalent Material Property of Carbon Reinforced Aluminum Laminates S.-H. Song, T.-W. Ku, J. Kim, B.-S. Kong and W.-J. Song 804
1. Introduction 804
2. Bonded Joint Tests 805
2.1. Specimen manufacture 805
2.2. Bonded joint test method 805
2.3. Bonded joint test result 806
3. Equivalent Material Properties 807
3.1. Theoretical, numerical and experimental analyses 807
3.2. Result and discussions 808
4. Conclusion 809
Acknowledgments 809
References 809
Mechanical Properties of Titanium Foam for Biomedical Applications S. Kashef, J. G. Lin, P. D. Hodgson and W. Y. Yan 810
1. Introduction 810
2. Experimental Procedures 811
2.1. Material Fabrication 811
2.2. Static compression test 812
3. Analytic Method 812
4. Results and Discussion 812
5. Conclusion 815
Acknowledgments 815
References 815
Homogenized Creep Behavior of CFRP Laminates at High Temperature Y. Fukuta, T. Matsuda and M. Kawai 816
1. Introduction 816
2. Homogenization Theory 817
3. Creep Analysis of Unidirectional CFRP Laminate 818
3.1. Analysis conditions 818
3.2. Fiber arrangement 818
3.3. Microscopic constitutive equations 819
3.4. Results of analysis 820
4. Conclusions 820
Acknowledgments 821
References 821
Investigation on Thermal Properties of Al/SiCp Metal Matrix Composite Based on FEM Analysis E. Yu, J.-Y. Sun, H.-S. Chung and K. H. Oh 822
1. Introduction 822
2. Simulation Model 823
3. Result and Discussion 824
3.1. Coefficient of thermal expansion analysis 824
3.2. Stress analysis 826
4. Conclusion 827
Acknowledgments 827
References 827
Multi-Scale Creep Analysis of Plain-Woven Laminates Using Time-Dependent Homogenization Theory: Effects of Laminate Configuration K. Nakata, T. Matsuda and M. Kawai 828
1. Introduction 828
2. Homogenization Theory for Plain-Woven Laminates 829
2.1. Domain of analysis 829
2.2. Homogenization theory 830
3. Creep Analysis of Plain-Woven GFRP Laminates 831
3.1. Analysis conditions 831
3.2. Basic cell 831
3.3. Material properties 832
3.4. Results of analysis 832
4. Conclusions 833
Acknowledgments 833
References 833
Bending Behavior of Simply Supported Metallic Sandwich Plates with Dimpled Cores D.-Y. Seong, C. G. Jung, D.-Y. Yang and D. G. Ahn 834
1. Introduction 834
2. Sandwich Plates with Dimpled Cores 835
3. Definition of the Limit Radius of Curvature 836
4. Static Bending Tests (Simply Supported Bending) 837
5. Incremental Bending 838
6. Conclusions 839
Acknowledgments 839
References 839
Penetration Analysis of Aluminum Alloy Foam N. M. Zhang and G. T. Yang 840
1. Introduction 840
2. Penetration process 841
3. Calculation 843
4. Discussion and Conclusion 845
Acknowledgment 845
References 845
Two-Scale Analysis of Honeycombs Indented by Flat Punch T. Asada, Y. Tanaka and N. Ohno 846
1. Introduction 846
2. Implicit Homogenization Scheme 847
3. Honeycomb Blocks Indented by a Flat Punch 849
4. Computational Results and Discussion 849
5. Conclusions 851
References 851
Part N Structural Plasticity 852
Tube Hydroforming Process Designe of Torsion Beam Type Rear Suspension Considering Durability K.-T. Lee, H.-J. Back, H.-T. Lim, I.-S. Oh and H.-Y. Kim 854
1. Introduction 854
2. Torsion Beam Rear Suspension System 855
3. Forming Process Simulation 855
3.1. Stamping process simulation 855
3.2. Tube hydroforming process simulation 857
3.3. Comparison of stamping and tube hydroforming simulation results 857
4. Prototype Durability Testing 857
4.1. Prototype production 857
4.2. Durability performance test 858
5. Process Adjustment for Increased Durability 858
6. Conclusion 859
References 860
The Deformation of the Multi-Layered Panel of Sheet Metals under Elevated Temperatures S.-W. Lee and D.-U. Woo 861
1. Introduction 861
2. Experiments 862
2.1. Preparation of the multi-layered panel specimens 862
2.2. Experimental apparatus for evaluating bending stiffness 862
2.3. Selection of design factors 863
2.4. Experimental results and discussion 863
3. Finite Element Simulations 865
4. Conclusions 865
Acknowledgments 866
References 866
Numerical Analysis on Magneto-Elasto-Plastic Buckling and Bending of Ferromagnetic Rectangular Plate Y. W. Gao and H. Huh 867
1. Introduction 867
2. Fundamental Equations 868
2.1. Governing equations for ferromagnetic rectangular plate 868
2.2. Generalized yield criteria for ferromagnetic rectangular plate 869
3. Finite Element Formulation 869
3.1. The incremental finite element formulation for elasto-plastic deformation 869
3.2. Finite element formula for three dimension magnetic field 870
4. Numerical Results and Discussion 870
5. Conclusion 872
Acknowledgment 872
References 872
Load-Carrying Capacities for Circular Metal Foam Core Sandwich Panels at Large Deection W. Hou, Z. Wang, L. Zhao, G. Lu and D. Shu 873
1. Introduction 873
2. Approximate Solutions of Simply Supported Circular Sandwich Plate at Large Deflection 874
3. Comparison with Simulation Results 877
4. Conclusion 878
Acknowledgments 878
References 878
Early Yielding of Liquid-Filled Conical Shells W. Vanlaere, G. Lagaae, R. Van Impe, J. Belis and D. Delince 879
1. Introduction 879
2. Liquid-Filled Conical Shells 880
2.1. The stresses leading to failure 880
2.2. The design rule 880
3. Numerical Simulations 880
3.1. General 880
3.2. Results of numerical simulations 881
3.3. Partially axisymmetric imperfections 883
4. Conclusions 884
Acknowledgments 884
References 884
Part O Superplasticity 886
Experimental Study on Deformation Mechanism of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy under Various Temperature Conditions T. Inaba, T. Yoshikawa and M. Tokuda 888
1. Introduction 888
2. Experimental Conditions 889
3. Experimental Results 890
3.1. Mechanical tests 890
3.2. Observations of crystalline organization 890
4. Discussion 893
References 893
Part P Time-Dependent Deformation 894
Thermal Viscoelastic Analysis of Plastic Components Considering Residual Stress C. W. Choi, K. S. Jeoung, H.-I. Moon and H. Y. Kim 896
1. Introduction 896
2. Theoretical Background 897
2.1. Injection molding and residual stress 897
2.2. Post-deformation estimation after heating-cooling test 897
2.3. Viscoelastic behaviors in materials 897
3. Creep and Stress Relaxation Test 898
4. Analytical Verification 899
5. Analysis on Thermal Strain in Control Panel 901
6. Conclusion 901
References 901
Prediction of a Modi ed PTW Model for Various Taylor Impact Tests of Tantalum J.-B. Kim and H. Shin 902
1. Introduction 902
2. The PTW Model and Its Modification 903
3. Prediction of Taylor Impact Test 904
4. Conclusion 906
References 907
Effects of Temperature and Forming Speed on Plastic Bending of Adhesively Bonded Sheet Metals M. Takiguchi, T. Yoshida and F. Yoshida 908
1. Introduction 908
2. Mechanical Properties of Adhesive and Its Constitutive Modeling 909
3. Effects of Temperature and Forming Speed on V-bending 910
3.1. Experimentation 910
3.2. Numerical analysis 911
3.3. Results and discussion 912
4. Concluding Remarks 913
References 913
Analysis of Elasto-Plastic Stress Waves by a Time-Discontinuous Variational Integrator of Hamiltonian S.-S. Cho, H. Huh and K.-C. Park 914
1. Introduction 914
2. Formulation for Time-Discontinuous Variational Integrator of Hamiltonian 915
2.1. Hamilton\u2019s principle 915
2.2. Finite element formulation of the Hamiltonian 916
3. Numerical Analysis of Elasto-Plastic Stress Wave Propagation 918
4. Conclusion 919
References 919
Visco-Elastic and Plastic Singular Behaviors of an Interface Corner in Electronic Packages J.-Q. Xu, H. M. Zheng and H. L. Zhu 920
1. Introduction 920
2. Theoretical Analysis of Interface Edges in Viscous Bimaterials 921
2.1. Analysis model 921
2.2. The case of linear viscous elastic bimaterials 921
2.3. The case of power law creep materials 922
3. Numerical Analysis 923
4. Conclusions 925
Acknowledgments 925
References 925