简介
Summary:
Publisher Summary 1
The fourth edition of this comprehensive guide to planning and implementing geographic information systems (GIS) provides practical instructions and a collection of best practices for businesses small and large. The work presents a step-by-step approach to developing a scalable GIS framework based on sound foundational system design principles and thorough knowledge of the needs and, potential needs, of specific applications. This edition is thoroughly updated to incorporate the latest software, hardware and advances in the field and a companion DVD-ROM provides tutorials, quizzes and exercises and sample documents. Tomlinson is an important expert in the field and is considered the father of modern computerized GIS. Annotation 漏2011 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Publisher Summary 2
Thinking About GIS: Geographic Information System Planning for Managerspresents a planning model for designing data and technology systems that will meet any organization’s specific needs. Designed for two primary audiences—senior managers who oversee information technologies and technical specialists responsible for system design—this book provides a common platform on which to conduct GIS planning. The fourth edition reflects the latest trends in geospatial technology, and includes new case studies, exercises from author Roger Tomlinson's course Planning for a GIS, and video of his "Planning and Managing a GIS" seminar from the Esri International User Conference.
目录
Table Of Contents:
Foreword xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Introduction xv
Chapter 1 GIS: The whole picture 1(6)
Scope of GIS projects 3(1)
The who, what, when, where, why 4(3)
Focus: Departmental versus enterprise GIS systems
Chapter 2 Overview of the method 7(4)
The nine-stage GIS planning methodology 7(4)
Focus: Let each step inform the next
Chapter 3 Consider the strategic purpose 11(4)
Chapter 4 Build the foundation 15(10)
The planning proposal 16(3)
Assemble the teams 19(6)
The planning team
The enterprise planning team
The management committee
The crucial role of GIS manager
A note about the organizational structure
Focus: Plan ahead for the time commitment
Chapter 5 Conduct a technology seminar 25(12)
Seminar components and tips 26(11)
Focus: Purpose of the technology seminar
Set the stage
Plan the program
Assess information needs
Rank the benefits
Go with the workflow
Focus: Modeling workflow processes
Chapter 6 Describe the information products 37(38)
Focus: IPDs: The building blocks of GIS planning
The individual components of an IPD 39(28)
Title
Name of the department and person who needs it
Synopsis
Map output requirements
Focus: Three-dimensional representation
List output requirements
Document retrieval requirements
Schematic requirements
Display complexity
Steps required to make the product
Focus: Measuring display complexity
Focus: A rapid prototyping tool
Processing complexity
Frequency of use
Focus: Maximize efficiency
Logical linkages
Error tolerance
Wait and response tolerances
Current cost
Benefit analysis
Sign-offs
Case study: Tracking the IPD
Master input data list (MIDL) 67(6)
Components of an MIDL
Assembling the MIDL
Focus: Using and creating a data cache
Focus: Data shoe box
Functions needed to input data 73(1)
Case study: System functions needed to create the map
Setting priorities 74(1)
The scoring method
The group-consensus method
Input data priorities
Chapter 7 Consider the data design 75(22)
Data characteristics 76(6)
Scale
Resolution
Focus: Data accuracy
Map projection
Error tolerance
Case study: Determining the required positional accuracy
Data design capabilities 82(8)
Survey capabilities
Topology
Temporal data
Cartography
Spatial analysis
Focus: Data structure for networks
Network analysis
Terrain modeling
Imagery
Mobile technology
Community GIS
Data logistics 90(7)
Digital data sources
Focus: Finding data on the Web
Standards for technology and data
Data conversion and interoperability
Chapter 8 Choose a logical database model 97(16)
The relational database model 98(4)
Components of the relational model
The object-oriented database model 102(4)
Components of the object-oriented database model Class diagrams
The object-relational database model 106(2)
Focus: Ontologies
The geodatabase
Advantages and disadvantages 108(5)
Chapter 9 Determine system requirements 113(40)
Scoping hardware requirements 114(3)
Data handling load
Defining workstation requirements
Data hosting and user locations
Data storage and security
Preliminary software selection 117(2)
Summarizing the function requirements
Classifying system functions
Interface and communication technologies 119(7)
Choosing a system interface
Focus: Data capacity and data-transfer rates
Network communications
Client-server architectures
General issues of network performance
Determining system interface and communication requirements 126(1)
Distributed GIS and Web services 127(1)
Platform sizing and bandwidth requirements 127(22)
User workflows
Workflow technology choices
Standard workflow baselines
Custom workflows
Case study: City of Rome system requirements
Other considerations 149(4)
Organization policies and standards
Technology life cycles
The preliminary design document
Chapter 10 Consider benefit-cost, migration, and risk analysis 153(12)
Benefit-cost analysis and cost models 153(6)
Focus: The cost model
Identify costs by year
Calculate benefits by year
Compare benefits and costs
Focus: The benefit approach
Calculate benefit-cost ratios
Migration strategy 159(2)
Legacy systems and models
New considerations
Pilot projects
Risk analysis 161(4)
Identify the risks
Discuss the risks in context
Describe ways to mitigate the risks
Assess and score each risk
Summarize the level of risk
Chapter 11 Plan the implementation 165(26)
Anticipate the challenges of implementation 166(6)
Staffing and training
Focus: Key issues to address in implementation planning
Focus: GIS leadership teams: Establishing responsibilities
GIS funding
Organizational issues 172(5)
Institutional interaction requirements
System requirements and data
Legal review
Security issues
Existing computing environment
Risk analysis
Alternative implementation strategies
System procurement 177(2)
Focus: Selection criteria
Activity planning 179(4)
The final report 183(2)
Report components
GIS management committee review and approval
Merging the GIS plan with the overall business plan
Implementation change 185(2)
Technology change
Institutional change
Managing change 187(4)
Start with an enterprise-wide plan
Add information products
Acquire technology
Inform management about change
Keep your plan current
Appendix A GIS staff, job descriptions, and training 191(6)
Appendix B Benchmark testing 197(6)
Appendix C Network design planning factors 203(4)
Appendix D Request for proposal (RFP) outline 207(2)
Appendix E The preliminary design document 209(4)
Appendix F Custom workflows 213(8)
Lexicon 221(16)
Further reading 237(2)
Index 239
Foreword xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Introduction xv
Chapter 1 GIS: The whole picture 1(6)
Scope of GIS projects 3(1)
The who, what, when, where, why 4(3)
Focus: Departmental versus enterprise GIS systems
Chapter 2 Overview of the method 7(4)
The nine-stage GIS planning methodology 7(4)
Focus: Let each step inform the next
Chapter 3 Consider the strategic purpose 11(4)
Chapter 4 Build the foundation 15(10)
The planning proposal 16(3)
Assemble the teams 19(6)
The planning team
The enterprise planning team
The management committee
The crucial role of GIS manager
A note about the organizational structure
Focus: Plan ahead for the time commitment
Chapter 5 Conduct a technology seminar 25(12)
Seminar components and tips 26(11)
Focus: Purpose of the technology seminar
Set the stage
Plan the program
Assess information needs
Rank the benefits
Go with the workflow
Focus: Modeling workflow processes
Chapter 6 Describe the information products 37(38)
Focus: IPDs: The building blocks of GIS planning
The individual components of an IPD 39(28)
Title
Name of the department and person who needs it
Synopsis
Map output requirements
Focus: Three-dimensional representation
List output requirements
Document retrieval requirements
Schematic requirements
Display complexity
Steps required to make the product
Focus: Measuring display complexity
Focus: A rapid prototyping tool
Processing complexity
Frequency of use
Focus: Maximize efficiency
Logical linkages
Error tolerance
Wait and response tolerances
Current cost
Benefit analysis
Sign-offs
Case study: Tracking the IPD
Master input data list (MIDL) 67(6)
Components of an MIDL
Assembling the MIDL
Focus: Using and creating a data cache
Focus: Data shoe box
Functions needed to input data 73(1)
Case study: System functions needed to create the map
Setting priorities 74(1)
The scoring method
The group-consensus method
Input data priorities
Chapter 7 Consider the data design 75(22)
Data characteristics 76(6)
Scale
Resolution
Focus: Data accuracy
Map projection
Error tolerance
Case study: Determining the required positional accuracy
Data design capabilities 82(8)
Survey capabilities
Topology
Temporal data
Cartography
Spatial analysis
Focus: Data structure for networks
Network analysis
Terrain modeling
Imagery
Mobile technology
Community GIS
Data logistics 90(7)
Digital data sources
Focus: Finding data on the Web
Standards for technology and data
Data conversion and interoperability
Chapter 8 Choose a logical database model 97(16)
The relational database model 98(4)
Components of the relational model
The object-oriented database model 102(4)
Components of the object-oriented database model Class diagrams
The object-relational database model 106(2)
Focus: Ontologies
The geodatabase
Advantages and disadvantages 108(5)
Chapter 9 Determine system requirements 113(40)
Scoping hardware requirements 114(3)
Data handling load
Defining workstation requirements
Data hosting and user locations
Data storage and security
Preliminary software selection 117(2)
Summarizing the function requirements
Classifying system functions
Interface and communication technologies 119(7)
Choosing a system interface
Focus: Data capacity and data-transfer rates
Network communications
Client-server architectures
General issues of network performance
Determining system interface and communication requirements 126(1)
Distributed GIS and Web services 127(1)
Platform sizing and bandwidth requirements 127(22)
User workflows
Workflow technology choices
Standard workflow baselines
Custom workflows
Case study: City of Rome system requirements
Other considerations 149(4)
Organization policies and standards
Technology life cycles
The preliminary design document
Chapter 10 Consider benefit-cost, migration, and risk analysis 153(12)
Benefit-cost analysis and cost models 153(6)
Focus: The cost model
Identify costs by year
Calculate benefits by year
Compare benefits and costs
Focus: The benefit approach
Calculate benefit-cost ratios
Migration strategy 159(2)
Legacy systems and models
New considerations
Pilot projects
Risk analysis 161(4)
Identify the risks
Discuss the risks in context
Describe ways to mitigate the risks
Assess and score each risk
Summarize the level of risk
Chapter 11 Plan the implementation 165(26)
Anticipate the challenges of implementation 166(6)
Staffing and training
Focus: Key issues to address in implementation planning
Focus: GIS leadership teams: Establishing responsibilities
GIS funding
Organizational issues 172(5)
Institutional interaction requirements
System requirements and data
Legal review
Security issues
Existing computing environment
Risk analysis
Alternative implementation strategies
System procurement 177(2)
Focus: Selection criteria
Activity planning 179(4)
The final report 183(2)
Report components
GIS management committee review and approval
Merging the GIS plan with the overall business plan
Implementation change 185(2)
Technology change
Institutional change
Managing change 187(4)
Start with an enterprise-wide plan
Add information products
Acquire technology
Inform management about change
Keep your plan current
Appendix A GIS staff, job descriptions, and training 191(6)
Appendix B Benchmark testing 197(6)
Appendix C Network design planning factors 203(4)
Appendix D Request for proposal (RFP) outline 207(2)
Appendix E The preliminary design document 209(4)
Appendix F Custom workflows 213(8)
Lexicon 221(16)
Further reading 237(2)
Index 239
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