Table Of Contents:

Introduction 1(14)

Larry L. Hench

Book and CD module 1(1)

Aims and objectives 2(3)

Integrated use of book and CD module 5(1)

Introduction to the CD 6(1)

Recommendations for self-study 6(1)

Overview 7(1)

Are transplants the solution to spare parts? 8(1)

Implants and prostheses as spare parts 9(1)

The limitations of implants 10(5)

Part I Introduction to materials (living and non-living)

Metals 15(11)

E. Jane Minay

Aldo R. Boccaccini

Introduction 15(1)

The metallic bond 15(1)

Microstructure 16(1)

Mechanical properties 17(2)

Fatigue properties 19(1)

Hardness and wear 19(1)

Shape memory effect and superelasticity 20(1)

Corrosion 21(2)

Effects of processing on structure, properties and reliability 23(1)

Clinical requirements 24(1)

Summary 24(1)

Reading list 24(2)

Ceramics 26(11)

Aldo R. Boccaccini

Introduction 26(1)

Atomic bonds and atomic arrangements in ceramics 27(3)

Microstructure of ceramics 30(1)

Mechanical properties of ceramics 30(3)

Processing of ceramics 33(1)

Impact of fabrication on microstructure and properties 34(1)

Clinical requirements 34(2)

Summary 36(1)

Reading list 36(1)

Polymers 37(11)

Robert G. Hill

Introduction 37(4)

Polymer configuration and conformation 41(1)

Tacticity 42(1)

Glass transition temperature 42(1)

Polymer processing 42(2)

Polymer properties 44(2)

Polymer composites 46(1)

Summary 46(1)

Reading list 46(2)

Biocomposites 48(11)

Ian D. Thompson

Introduction 48(2)

Bioactive ceramic polymer composites 50(3)

Design criteria for biocomposites 53(2)

Inert ceramic composites 55(1)

Resorbable polymer matrices 56(1)

Conclusions 57(1)

Summary 58(1)

Reading list 58(1)

Cells and tissues 59(12)

June Wilson Hench

Introduction 59(1)

Definitions 59(3)

Epithelium 62(4)

Connective tissue 66(1)

Muscle 67(1)

Nervous tissue 68(2)

Summary 70(1)

Reading list 70(1)

Inflammation and wound healing 71(8)

June Wilson Hench

Introduction 71(1)

Definitions 71(1)

Effects of implantation 72(1)

Normal wound healing 72(2)

Wound healing and implants 74(1)

Implant-tissue interactions 75(1)

Summary 76(1)

Reading list 76(3)

Part II Clinical needs and concepts of repair

The skeletal system 79(11)

Larry L. Hench

Introduction 79(1)

The structural components of bone 80(2)

Microstructural features of bone 82(1)

Biomechanics of bone: anisotropy of bone properties 83(1)

Effect of age on bone 84(1)

Effect of strain rate on bone 84(1)

Fatigue failure of bone 85(1)

Fracture of bone 85(1)

Structure of tendons and ligaments 85(1)

Mechanical behaviour of tendons and ligaments 86(2)

Cartilage 88(1)

Summary 89(1)

Reading list 89(1)

The cardiovascular system 90(7)

M. John Lever

Introduction 90(1)

Cardiovascular pathology 91(3)

Control and treatment of cardiovascular pathologies 94(1)

Summary 95(1)

Reading list 96(1)

Biomedical polymers 97(10)

Robert G. Hill

Introduction 97(1)

Bioinert polymers 97(5)

Bioresorbable polymers 102(4)

Summary 106(1)

Reading list 106(1)

Biomedical hydrogels 107(12)

Jason A. Burdick

Molly M. Stevens

Introduction 107(1)

Mechanisms of hydrogel formation 107(2)

Hydrogel properties 109(1)

Types of hydrogels 110(2)

Hydrogels for tissue engineering applications 112(3)

Summary 115(1)

Reading list 115(4)

Part III Applications

Repair of skeletal tissues 119(10)

Larry L. Hench

Introduction 119(1)

Mechanisms and rates of bone repair 119(1)

Fracture fixation objectives 120(2)

Orthopaedic metals 122(1)

Fracture fixation devices 123(3)

Bioactive materials as bone graft supplements 126(1)

Summary 127(1)

Reading list 127(2)

Joint replacement 129(13)

Larry L. Hench

Introduction 129(1)

Hip joint replacement 130(2)

Failure mechanisms 132(1)

Survivability of total hip replacements 133(2)

New developments to improve survivability 135(1)

Knee joint replacements 136(2)

Ankle joint replacements 138(1)

Shoulder joint replacements 138(1)

Elbow joint replacements 139(1)

Finger joint replacements 139(1)

Prosthetic intervertebral disc 139(1)

Summary 140(1)

Key definitions 140(1)

Reading list 140(2)

Artificial organs 142(11)

Julian R. Jones

Introduction 142(1)

Kidney 142(1)

Heart 143(1)

Lung 144(1)

Liver 144(1)

Pancreas 145(1)

Skin 146(1)

The ear 147(2)

The eye 149(1)

The nose 150(1)

The voice box 150(1)

Summary 151(1)

Reading list 152(1)

Mass transport processes in artificial organs 153(14)

M. John Lever

Introduction 153(1)

Convective transport 153(7)

Diffusional transport 160(4)

Interaction of convection and diffusion 164(1)

Dispersion 165(1)

Reading list 166(1)

Artificial exchange systems 167(12)

M. John Lever

Introduction 167(1)

Blood viscosity 168(1)

Effects of shear on blood cells 169(1)

Blood-air interactions 170(1)

Blood flow in artificial devices 171(1)

Exchangers 172(4)

Dialysis 176(1)

Summary 177(1)

Key definitions 177(1)

Reading list 178(1)

Cardiovascular assist systems 179(14)

M. John Lever

Introduction 179(1)

Heart valves 180(3)

Pumps 183(4)

Vascular prostheses 187(1)

Summary 188(1)

Key definitions 189(1)

Reading list 190(3)

Part IV Tissue engineering

Introduction to tissue engineering 193(8)

Lee D.K. Buttery

Anne E. Bishop

Introduction 193(1)

The challenge 193(1)

Cell sources 194(2)

Culture conditions 196(1)

Three-dimensional interactions 197(1)

Cell reprogramming 197(1)

The way forward 198(1)

Summary 199(1)

Key definitions 199(1)

Reading list 200(1)

Scaffolds for tissue engineering 201(14)

Julian R. Jones

Introduction 201(1)

Classes of potential scaffold materials 201(1)

The criteria for an ideal scaffold 202(2)

Polymer scaffolds 204(3)

Bioactive ceramic scaffolds 207(2)

Bioactive glass scaffolds 209(2)

Composites 211(1)

Control of architecture 212(1)

Summary 213(1)

Reading list 213(2)

A guide to basic cell culture and applications in biomaterials and tissue engineering 215(12)

Jamuna Selvakumaran

Gavin Jell

Introduction 215(2)

Sterilisation 217(4)

Cell culture protocols 221(3)

Basic techniques for assessment of cell viability 224(1)

Summary 225(1)

Reading list 226(1)

Immunochemical techniques in tissue engineering and biomaterial science 227(14)

Gavin Jell

Jamuna Selvakumaran

Introduction 227(1)

Basic immunological principles 228(2)

Common immunochemical techniques used in biomaterials 230(8)

Immunochemical applications in biomaterial science and tissue engineering research 238(1)

Summary 239(1)

Key definitions 239(1)

Reading list 239(2)

Clinical applications of tissue engineering 241(10)

Larry L. Hench

Julian R. Jones

Introduction 241(2)

Skin 243(1)

Cartilage 243(1)

Tendons, ligaments and bone 244(1)

Pancreas (islets of Langerhans) 244(1)

Liver 245(1)

Kidney 245(1)

The cardiovascular system 246(1)

Nerves 247(1)

Summary 247(1)

Reading list 247(4)

Part V Societal, regulatory and ethical issues

Regulatory classification of biomaterials and medical devices 251(7)

David C. Greenspan

Larry L. Hench

Introduction 251(1)

How are medical devices regulated? 252(1)

Classification of medical devices 252(1)

History of regulatory agencies 253(2)

What is the CE mark? 255(1)

Differences between FDA and EU regulations 256(1)

How do companies get through the FDA process? 257(1)

Summary 257(1)

Reading list 257(1)

Technology transfer 258(7)

Larry L. Hench

Introduction 258(1)

Technology transfer paths 258(2)

Efficient technology transfer 260(2)

Factors affecting rapid technology transfer 262(1)

Alternative routes to commercialisation of biomaterials 263(1)

Summary 263(1)

Reading list 264(1)

Ethical issues 265(10)

Larry L. Hench

Introduction 265(1)

The ethical problem 266(1)

Moral uncertainties 267(2)

General moral principles 269(1)

Principles of distributive justice 269(2)

Consequences of the theoretical problem 271(1)

Sources of conflict 271(2)

Specific ethical concerns about biomaterials 273(1)

Summary 274(1)

Reading list 274(1)
Index 275