朗文托福考试完全培训教程

前言

introduction

sectionone:listening

listeningdiagnosticpre-test(paper)

listeningdiagnosticpre-test(computer)

listeningintroduction

shortdialogues(paperandcomputer)

strategies

skill1:focusonthelastline

skill2:chooseanswerswithsynonyms

skill3:avoidsimilarsounds

toeflexercise(skills1-3)

who,what,where

skill4:drawconclusionsaboutwho,what,where

skill5:listenforwhoandwhatinpassives

skill6:listenforwhoandwhatwithmultiplenouns

toeflexercise(skills4-6)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-6)

negatives

skill7:listenfornegativeexpressions

.skill8:listenfordoublenegativeexpressions

skill9:listenfor"almostnegative"expressions

skill10:listenfornegativeswithcomparatives

toeflexercise(skills7-10)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-10)

functions

skill11:listenforexpressionsofagreement

skill12:listenforexpressionsofuncertainty

andsuggestion

skill13:listenforemphaticexpressionsofsurprise

toeflexercise(skills11-13)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-13)

contrarymeanings

skill14:listenforwishes

skill15:listenforuntrueconditions

toeflexercise(skills14-15)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-15)

idiomaticlanguage

skill16:listenfortwo-andthree-partverbs

skill17:listenforidioms

toeflexercise(skills16-17)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-17)

longconversations(paper)

beforelistening

skill18:anticipatethetopics

skill19:anticipatethequestions

whilelistening

skill20:determinethetopic

skill21:drawconclusionsaboutwho,what,when,where

skill22:listenforanswersinorder

toeflreviewexercise(skills18-22)

longtalks(paper)

beforelistening

skill23:anticipatethetopics

skill24:anticipatethequestions

whilelistening

skill25:determinethetopic

skill26:drawconclusionsaboutwho,what,when,where

skill27:listenforanswersinorder

toeflreviewexercise(skills23-27)

casualconversations(computer)

skill28:understandcasualconversations

academicdiscussions(computer)

skill29:recognizetheorganization

skill30:listenfordirectandindirectdetails

skill31:visualizethepassage

toeflreviewexercise(skills29-31)

academiclectures(computer)

skill32:recognizetheorganization

skill33:listenfordirectandindirectdetails

skill34:visualizethepassage

toeflreviewexercise(skills32-34)

listeningpost-test(paper)

listeningpost-test(computer)

sectiontwo:structure

structurediagnosticpre-test(paper)

structurediagnosticpre-test(computer)

structureintroduction

thestructurequestions(paperandcomputer)

sentenceswithoneclause

skill1:besurethesentencehasasubjectandaverb

skill2:becarefulofobjectsofprepositions

skill3:becarefulofappositives

skill4:becarefulofpresentparticiples

skill5:becarefulofpastparticiples

exercise(skills1-5)

toeflexercise(skills1-5)

sentenceswithmultipleclauses

skill6:usecoordinateconnectorscorrectly

skill7:useadverbtimeandcauseconnectorscorrectly

skill8:useotheradverbconnectorscorrectly

exercise(skills6-8)

toeflexercise(skills6-8)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-8)

moresentenceswithmultipleclauses

skill9:usenounclauseconnectorscorrectly

skill10:usenounclauseconnector/subjectscorrectly

skill11:useadjectiveclauseconnectorscorrectly

skill12:useadjectiveclauseconnector/subjectscorrectly

exercise(skills9-12)

toeflexercise(skills9-12)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-12)

sentenceswithreducedclauses

skill13:usereducedadjectiveclausescorrectly

skill14:usereducedadverbclausescorrectly

exercise(skills13-14)

toeflexercise(skills13-14)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-14)

sentenceswithinvertedsubjectsandverbs

skill15:invertthesubjectandverbwithquestionwords

skill16:invertthesubjectandverbwithplaceexpressions

skill17:invertthesubjectandverbwithnegatives

skill18:invertthesubjectandverbwithconditionals

skill19:invertthesubjectandverbwithcomparisons

exercise(skills15-19)

toeflexercise(skills15-19)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-19)

thewrittenexpressionquestions

(paperandcomputer)

problemswithsubject/verbagreement

skill20:makeverbsagreeafterprepositionalphrases

skill21:makeverbsagreeafterexpressionsofquantity

skill22:makeinvertedverbsagree

skill23:makeverbsagreeaftercertainwords

exercise(skills20-23)

toeflexercise(skills20-23)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-23)

problemswithparallelstructure

skill24:useparallelstructurewithcoordinateconjunctions

skill25:useparallelstructurewithpairedconjunctions

skill26:useparallelstructurewithcomparisons

exercise(skills24-26)

toeflexercise(skills24-26)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-26)

problemswithcomparativesandsuperlatives

skill27:formcomparativesandsuperlativescorrectly

skill28:usecomparativesandsuperlativescorrectly

skill29:usetheirregular-er,-erstructurecorrectly

exercise(skills27-29)

toeflexercise(skills27-29)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-29)

problemswiththeformoftheverb

skill30:afterhave,usethepastparticiple

skill31:afterbe,usethepresentparticipleorthe

pastparticiple

skill32:afterwill,would,orothermodals,use

thebaseformoftheverb

exercise(skills30-32)

toeflexercise(skills30-32)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-32)

problemswiththeuseoftheverb

skill33:knowwhentousethepastwiththepresent

skill34:usehaveandhadcorrectly

skill35:usethecorrecttensewith.timeexpressions

skill36:usethecorrecttensewithwillandwould

exercise(skills33-36)

toeflexercise(skills33-36)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-36)

problemswithpassiveverbs

skill37:usethecorrectformofthepassive

skill38:recognizeactiveandpassivemeanings

exercise(skills37-38)

toeflexercise(skills37-38)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-38)

problemswithnouns

skill39:usethecorrectsingularorpluralnoun

skill40:distinguishcountableanduncountablenouns

skill41:recognizeirregularpluralsofnouns

skill42:distinguishthepersonfromthething

exercise(skills39-42)

toeflexercise(skills39-42)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-42)

problemswithpronouns

skill43:distinguishsubjectandobjectpronouns

skill44:distinguishpossessiveadjectivesandpronouns

skill45:checkpronounreferenceforagreement

exercise(skills43-45)

toeflexercise(skills43-45)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-45)

problemswithadjectivesandadverbs

skill46:usebasicadjectivesandadverbscorrectly

skill47:useadjectivesafterlinkingverbs

skill48:positionadjectivesandadverbscorrectly

exercise(skills46-48)

toeflexercise(skills46-48)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-48)

moreproblemswithadjectives

skill49:recognize-lyadjectives

skill50:usepredicateadjectivescorrectly

skill51:use-edand-ingadjectivescorrectly

exercise(skills49-51)

toeflexercise(skills49-51)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-51)

problemswitharticles

skill52:usearticleswithsingularnouns

skill53:distinguishaandan

skill54:makearticlesagreewithnouns

skill55:distinguishspecificandgeneralideas

exercise(skills52-55)

toeflexercise(skills52-55)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-55)

problemswithprepositions

skill56:recognizeincorrectprepositions

skill57:recognizewhenprepositionshavebeenomitted

exercise(skills56--57)

toeflexercise(skills56-57)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-57)

problemswithusage

skill58:distinguishmakeanddo

skill59:distinguishlike,alike,andunlike

skill60:distinguishotheranotherandothers

exercise(skills58-60)

toeflexercise(skills58-60)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-60)

structurepost-test(paper)

structurepost-test(computer)

sectionthree:reading

readingdiagnosticpre-test(paper)

readingdiagnosticpre-test(computer)

readingintroduction

thereadingcomprehensionquestions

(paperandcomputer)

questionsabouttheideasofthepassage

skill1:answermainideaquestionscorrectly

skill2:recognizetheorganizationofideas

toeflexercise(skills1-2)

directlyansweredquestions

skill3:answerstateddetailquestionscorrectly

skill4:find"unstated"details

skill5:findpronounreferents

toeflexercise(skills3-5)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-5)

indirectlyansweredquestions

skill6:answerimplieddetailquestionscorrectly

skill7:answertransitionquestionscorrectly

toeflexercise(skills6-7)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-7)

vocabularyquestions

skill8:finddefinitionsfromstructuralclues

skill9:determinemeaningsfromwordparts

skill10:usecontexttodeterminemeaningsof

difficultwords

skill11:usecontexttodeterminemeaningsof

simplewords

toeflexercise(skills8-11)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-11)

overallreviewquestions

skill12:determinewherespecificinformationisfound

skill13:determinethetone,purpose,orcourse

skill14:determinewheretoinsertapieceofinformation

toeflexercise(skills12-14)

toeflreviewexercise(skills1-14)

readingpost-test(paper)

readingpost-test(computer)

sectionfour:writing

writingintroduction

thewritingscore(paperandcomputer)

sampleessays

beforewriting

skill1:decodethetopic

skill2:developsupportingideas

whilewriting

skill3:writetheintroductoryparagraph

skill4:writeunifiedsupportingparagraphs

skill5:writetheconcludingparagraph

skill6:connectthesupportingparagraphsin

theessay

afterwriting

skill7:editsentencestructure

7asimplesentencestructure

7bcompoundsentencestructure

7ccomplexsentencestructure

skill8:editwrittenexpression

8ainversionsandagreement

8bparallel,comparative,andsuperlative

structures

8cverbs

8dnounsandpronouns

8eadjectivesandadverbs

8fprepositionsandusage

completetest(paper)

listeningcomprehension

structureandwrittenexpression

readingcomprehension

testofwrittenenglish

completetest(computer)

listening

structure

reading

writing

appendixes

appendixa:similarsounds

appendixb:two-andthree-partverbs

appendixc:idioms

appendixd:prepositions

appendixe:wordendings

appendixf:irregularverbforms

appendixg:formationofthepassive

appendixh:irregularplurals

appendixi:wordparts

scoringinformation

scoringyourpre-tests,post-tests,andcompletepracticetests

chartingyourprogress

recordingscript

answerkey