Well Known Simplified Models p. 1
Introduction p. 1
Source Models of Energy Release by Tectonic Fault p. 1
A Simplified Point-Source Model p. 1
An Alternative, Planar Source Model p. 4
Case Study Comparisons of the Point and Planar Source Models p. 5
Sliding Block Model of Co-Seismic Permanent Slope Displacement p. 6
Newmark's (1965) Sliding Block Model p. 6
Comments on Newmarks's (1965) Sliding Block Model p. 7
Single Degree of Freedom Oscillator for Vibration of a Structure on Rigid Base p. 10
Description of the Model p. 10
Comments on the Model p. 11
Summary p. 12
Soil Properties p. 13
Introduction p. 13
Cyclic Shear Stiffness and Material Damping p. 14
Shear Stiffness and Damping Ratio Dependence on Shear Strain p. 16
Static Shear Strengths of Soils p. 18
Cyclic Shear Strengths of Soils p. 20
The Equivalent Number of Cycles Concept p. 23
An Example of Equivalent Harmonic Time Histories p. 25
Water Permeability and Volumetric Compressibility p. 26
Summary p. 28
Seismic Excitation p. 29
Introduction p. 29
Seismic Hazard p. 29
Types of Earthquake Magnitudes p. 30
Types of Source-to-Site Distances p. 31
Types of Earthquake Recurrence Rates p. 31
Representations of Seismic Hazard p. 32
Sources of Earthquake Data p. 39
Factors Affecting Seismic Hazard p. 41
Earthquake Source and Wave Path Effects p. 41
Sediment Basin Edge and Depth Effects p. 45
Local Soil Layers Effect p. 54
Topographic Effect p. 57
Space and Time Clustering (and Seismic Gaps) p. 58
Short Term Seismic Hazard Assessment p. 60
Historic and Instrumental Seismic Data Based p. 60
Observational Method p. 62
Long Term Seismic Hazard Assessment p. 65
Tectonic Data Based p. 65
Paleoseismic Data Based p. 67
Summary p. 70
Slope Stability and Displacement p. 73
Introduction p. 73
Slope Stability p. 73
Limit Equilibrium Method for Two-Dimensional Analysis by Prismatic Wedges p. 74
Single Tetrahedral Wedge for Three-Dimensional Analysis of Translational Stability p. 84
Shear Beam Model for Reversible Displacement Analysis p. 86
Two-Dimensional Analysis p. 86
Three-Dimensional Effect p. 88
Sliding Block Models for Permanent Displacement Analysis p. 89
Co-Seismic Stage p. 89
Post-Seismic Stage p. 94
Bouncing Ball Model of Rock Fall p. 99
Case Study of Bedrina 1 Rock Fall in Switzerland p. 103
Case Study of Shima Rock Fall in Japan p. 105
Case Study of Futamata Rock Fall in Japan p. 106
Simplified Model for Soil and Rock Avalanches, Debris Run-Out and Fast Spreads Analysis p. 107
Equation of Motion p. 108
Mass Balance p. 110
Energy Balance p. 111
Summary p. 117
Sand Liquefaction and Flow p. 119
Introduction p. 119
Conventional Empirical Methods p. 120
Liquefaction Potential Assessment p. 120
Flow Consideration p. 122
Rotating Cylinder Model for Liquefaction Potential Analysis of Slopes p. 123
Model for Clean Sand p. 123
Model for Sand with Fines p. 126
Rolling Cylinder Model for Analysis of Flow Failures p. 135
Model for Clean Sand p. 135
Model for Sand with Fines p. 136
Summary p. 139
Dynamic Soil - Foundation Interaction p. 141
Introduction p. 141
Advanced and Empirical Methods p. 142
Numerical Methods, Centrifuge and Shaking Table Testing p. 142
System Identification Procedure p. 142
Discrete Element Models p. 143
Lumped Mass Model Formula p. 143
Closed Form Solution in Time p. 150
Time Stepping Procedure p. 156
Single Degree of Freedom Oscillator on Flexible Base for Piled Foundations and Flexural Retaining Walls p. 168
Ground Motion Averaging for Kinematic Interaction Effect Consideration p. 170
Acceleration Response Spectra Ratios for Inertial Interaction Effect Consideration p. 172
Summary p. 185
Bearing Capacity And Additional Settlement of Shallow Foundation p. 187
Introduction p. 187
Bearing Capacity: Pseudo-Static Approaches p. 187
Bearing Capacity: Effects of Sub-Surface Liquefaction p. 188
Bearing Capacity: Effects of Structural Inertia and Eccentricity of Load p. 189
An Example of Calculation of Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundation in Seismic Condition p. 190
Additional Settlement in Granular soils p. 191
Examples of Estimation of Additional Settlement Caused by Sand Liquefaction p. 192
Summary p. 193
Seismic Wave Propagation Effect on Tunnels and Shafts p. 195
Introduction p. 195
Wave Propagation Effect on Cut and Cover Tunnels and Shafts p. 195
Case Study of the Daikai Station Failure in 1995 p. 196
Case Study of a Ten Story Building in Mexico City p. 199
Wave Refraction Effect on Deep Tunnels and Shafts p. 201
Summary p. 202
Comments on Some Frequent Liquefaction Potential Mitigation Measures p. 203
Introduction p. 203
Stone Columns p. 203
Soil Mixing p. 204
Excess Water Pressure Relief Wells p. 205
An Example for Pressure Relief Wells p. 208
Summary p. 208
Microsoft Excel Workbooks on Compact Disk p. 211
Coordinates of Earthquake Hypocentre and Site-to-Epicentre Distance p. 211
Limit Equilibrium Method for Northolt Slope Stability p. 212
Single Wedge for Three-Dimensional Slope Stability p. 214
Co-Seismic Sliding Block p. 215
Post-Seismic Sliding Blocks for Maidipo Slip in Frictional Soil p. 215
Post-Seismic Sliding Blocks for Catak Slip in Cohesive Soil p. 216
Bouncing Block Model of Rock Falls p. 216
Simplified Model for Soil and Rock Avalanches, Debris Run-Out and Fast Spreads p. 216
Closed-Form Solution for Gravity Walls p. 219
Time Stepping Procedure for Kobe Wall p. 219
Time Stepping Procedure for Kalamata Wall p. 219
Accelerogram Averaging and Acceleration Response Spectra p. 219
Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundation p. 223
Excess Pore Water Pressure Dissipation p. 223
References p. 225
Index p. 241