The Summer Palace:A Paragon of Imperial Garden
作者: 翟小菊编著
出版社:北京美术摄影出版社,2004
简介:颐和园中的帝后寝宫生活区采用了中国北方传统的四合院建筑,与朝政区的高大宫殿相比,这里的庭院更为优雅舒适。从仁寿殿南行,绕过一道人工堆叠弯弯曲曲的土山,景色豁然开朗,浩瀚的昆明湖、苍翠的万寿山、巍峨的佛香阁,以及玉泉山上的宝塔,蜿蜒曲折的西山群峰,一派湖光山色呈现在眼前,中国园林“欲放先收”、“欲扬先抑”的造景手法在这里得到了最佳的展现。
紧邻昆明湖畔的一座庭院名玉澜堂,是光绪皇帝在园内的寝宫。堂名出自晋代诗人陆机“玉泉涌微澜”的诗句,诗中的玉泉并非西山的玉泉,却恰到好处地点出了这里的地势环境。清漪园时期,玉澜堂是一处四通八达的院落,其东配殿名霞芬室,西配殿曰藕香榭,也都是前后两面有门窗的殿房。1898年“戊戌变法”失败后,这个院落的全部建筑通道被砖墙封砌,慈禧来园时就把光绪皇帝带来囚禁在此处。
玉澜堂后的宜芸馆,是光绪皇后隆裕在园内的住所。隆裕是中国封建社会最后一位皇太后,1912年,她代表清王朝宣告逊位,结束了清王朝对中国长达260余年的统治。宜芸馆在清漪园时期曾为皇帝的藏书之地,现院内南墙上镶嵌着十块乾隆皇帝临名家的翰墨真迹,有鉴赏价值。
玉澜堂与宜芸馆之间,有一座夕佳楼,楼名出自陶渊明《饮酒诗》中“山气日夕佳”之句。登楼眺望湖山,可观赏到夕阳西下时蔚为壮观的美景。夕佳楼西面紧邻湖岸的是一条蜿蜒曲折的雕栏小路,人称“九道湾”。沿弯路向北折而西行可达慈禧太后的寝宫乐寿堂。
The residential area of imperial bedrooms in the Summer Palace adopts the traditional building technique of traditional quadrangle of North China. Compared to the tall and large halls in the administrative area, the courtyards here are more elegant and comfortable. Head southward from the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity and go around an artificially piled up winding earth hill, you could find yourself in a bright open space. The vast Kunming Lake, the verdant Longevity Hill, the lofty Tower of Buddhist Incense, the tower on the Jade Spring Hill (Yuquanshan) and the winding peaks on West Hill-the natural beauty appears in front of your eyes. The scenery-making technique "yufangxianshou" (If you want to loose it, first tighten it.) and "yuyangxianyi" (If you want to praise it, first criti